Table 1.
Baseline characteristics, echocardiographic data and outcomes in all patients and the comparisons between patients with significant and insignificant functional tricuspid regurgitation
| Variables | All patients (n = 300) | Significant FTR (n = 65) | Insignificant FTR (n = 235) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline characteristics | ||||
| Age (years) | 68.8 ± 10.8 | 71.3 ± 10.3 | 68.1 ± 10.9 | 0.034 |
| Female gender | 150 (50.0) | 45 (68.2) | 105 (44.7) | < 0.001 |
| Non-paroxysmal AF | 196 (65.3) | 53 (81.5) | 143 (60.9) | 0.010 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score | 3.3 ± 1.7 | 3.6 ± 1.8 | 3.2 ± 1.7 | 0.103 |
| Hypertension | 235 (78.3) | 50 (76.9) | 185 (79.1) | 0.710 |
| Dyslipidemia | 153 (51.0) | 24 (36.9) | 129 (54.9) | 0.010 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 105 (35.0) | 17 (26.2) | 88 (37.4) | 0.091 |
| History of stroke | 88 (29.3) | 18 (28.1) | 70 (29.8) | 0.796 |
| History of heart failure | 45 (15.0) | 11 (16.9) | 34 (14.5) | 0.624 |
| Diuretics | 58 (19.3) | 20 (30.8) | 38 (16.2) | 0.020 |
| Echocardiographic data | ||||
| LVEF (%) | 65.3 ± 6.3 | 63.9 ± 6.3 | 65.7 ± 6.3 | 0.052 |
| LVDdi (mm/m2) | 25.7 ± 4.2 | 26.7 ± 4.0 | 25.4 ± 4.2 | 0.025 |
| LVSdi (mm/m2) | 16.4 ± 3.0 | 17.3 ± 3.2 | 16.3 ± 5.0 | 0.137 |
| LAV index (ml/m2) | 49.0 ± 15.6 | 58.4 ± 17 | 46.5 ± 14.2 | < 0.001 |
| TAPSE (mm) | 19.5 ± 3.1 | 18.7 ± 2.7 | 19.7 ± 3.1 | 0.016 |
| S’TV (cm/s) | 11.4 ± 2.2 | 11.3 ± 2.5 | 12.1 ± 6.9 | 0.431 |
| RAP (mmHg) | 7.6 ± 3.4 | 9.2 ± 4.2 | 7.2 ± 3.0 | < 0.001 |
| Mean PAP (mmHg) | 23.7 ± 7.2 | 26.8 ± 8.2 | 22.7 ± 6.5 | 0.002 |
| PASP (mmHg) | 38.3 ± 11.5 | 45.0 ± 14.7 | 36.3 ± 9.5 | < 0.001 |
| Outcomes | ||||
| Death and heart failure | 57 (19.0) | 29 (44.6) | 28 (11.9) | < 0.001 |
| Heart failure visit | 39 (13.0) | 24 (36.9) | 15 (6.4) | < 0.001 |
| Heart failure hospitalization | 20 (6.7) | 9 (13.8) | 11 (4.7) | 0.020 |
| Death | 26 (8.7) | 8 (12.3) | 18 (7.7) | 0.240 |
Data are expressed as number (percentage) and mean ± standard deviation
Abbreviations: AF atrial fibrillation, FTR functional tricuspid regurgitation, LAV left atrial volume, LVDdi left ventricular diastolic dimension index, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, LVSdi left ventricular systolic dimension index, PAP pulmonary artery pressure, PASP pulmonary artery systolic pressure, RAP right atrial pressure, S’TV peak systolic myocardial velocity of lateral tricuspid annulus, TAPSE tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion