Table 2.
Comparisons of baseline characteristics and echocardiographic data between patients with and without adverse outcomes
| Variables | Adverse outcomes (n = 57) |
No adverse outcomes (n = 243) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline characteristics | |||
| Age (year) | 71.8 ± 10.4 | 68.1 ± 10.9 | 0.019 |
| Female gender | 42 (73.7) | 108 (44.4) | < 0.001 |
| Non-paroxysmal AF | 42 (73.7) | 154 (63.4) | 0.192 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score | 4.3 ± 1.9 | 3.0 ± 1.6 | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension | 49 (86.0) | 186 (76.9) | 0.132 |
| Dyslipidemia | 26 (45.6) | 127 (52.3) | 0.366 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 25 (43.9) | 80 (32.9) | 0.119 |
| History of stroke | 27 (48.2) | 61 (25.1) | 0.001 |
| History of heart failure | 15 (26.3) | 30 (12.3) | 0.008 |
| Diuretics | 25 (43.9) | 33 (13.6) | < 0.001 |
| Echocardiographic data | |||
| Significant FTR | 29 (50.9) | 36 (14.8) | < 0.001 |
| LVEF (%) | 65.6 ± 7.5 | 65.2 ± 6.0 | 0.635 |
| LVDdi (mm/m2) | 25.7 ± 5.9 | 25.7 ± 3.7 | 0.994 |
| LVSdi (mm/m2) | 16.5 ± 3.6 | 16.5 ± 4.9 | 0.876 |
| LAV index (ml/m2) | 54.0 ± 16.2 | 47.9 ± 15.3 | 0.008 |
| TAPSE (mm) | 18.6 ± 2.9 | 19.7 ± 3.1 | 0.027 |
| S’TV (cm/s) | 13.5 ± 13.4 | 11.5 ± 2.2 | 0.073 |
| Impaired RV systolic function | 15 (26.3) | 29 (11.9) | 0.006 |
| RAP (mmHg) | 8.6 ± 3.9 | 7.4 ± 3.2 | 0.015 |
| Mean PAP (mmHg) | 27.2 ± 8.5 | 22.8 ± 6.5 | < 0.001 |
| PASP (mmHg) | 42.9 ± 13.3 | 37.1 ± 10.8 | 0.001 |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 28 (49.1) | 64 (26.3) | 0.001 |
Data are expressed as number (percentage) and mean ± standard deviation
Abbreviations: AF atrial fibrillation, FTR functional tricuspid regurgitation, LAV left atrial volume, LVDdi left ventricular diastolic dimension index, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, LVSdi left ventricular systolic dimension index, PAP pulmonary artery pressure, PASP pulmonary artery systolic pressure, RAP right atrial pressure, RV right ventricular, S’TV peak systolic myocardial velocity of lateral tricuspid annulus, TAPSE tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion