Table 1.
Characteristics of children at the time of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infection
| Variable | Total N = 91 |
HAI N = 60 |
IPOA N = 31 |
P value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (months) median (IQR) | 12 (5–59) | 10 (4.5–46) | 19 (6–69) | 0.065 |
| Age category, n/N (%) | ||||
| < 1 year | 45 (49.5) | 34 (56.7) | 11 (35.5) | 0.107 |
| 1–5 years | 22 (24.2) | 11 (18.3) | 11 (35.5) | |
| > 5 years | 24 (26.3) | 15 (25.0) | 9 (29.0) | |
| Gender, n/N (%) | ||||
| Male | 44 (48.4) | 27 (45.0) | 17 (55.8) | 0.387 |
| Female | 47 (51.6) | 33 (55.0) | 14 (45.2) | |
| HIV status, n/N (%) | ||||
| HIV-infected | 13 (14.3) | 3 (5.0) | 10 (32.3) | 0.002 |
| HIV-uninfected | 51 (56.0) | 36 (60.0) | 15 (48.4) | |
| Unknown | 27 (29.7) | 21 (35.0) | 6 (19.4) | |
| Weight-for-age, Z score category, n/N (%) | ||||
| Moderate underweight | 9 (10.2) | 3 (5.2) | 6 (20.0) | 0.008 |
| Severe underweight | 22 (25.0) | 11 (19.0) | 11 (36.7) | |
| Temperature in degrees Celsius | ||||
| < 35 °C | 3 (3.4) | 1 (1.8) | 2 (6.7) | 0.459 |
| > 35.5–37.9 °C | 19 (21.8) | 12 (21.1) | 7 (23.3) | |
| ≥ 38.0 °C | 65 (74.7) | 44 (77.2) | 21 (70.0)) | |
| Anaemia | 64 (70.3) | 40 (66.7) | 24 (77.4) | 0.210 |
| Hospitalisation in the 28-day period preceding the current admission, n/N (%) | 47 (51.6) | 27 (45.0) | 20 (64.5) | 0.121 |
| Exposure to selective intravenous antibiotics, in the preceding 12 months, n/N (%) | 47 (51.7) | 38 (63.3) | 9 (29.0) | 0.004 |
| Selective intravenous antibiotics exposure in the preceding 12 months, n/N (%) | ||||
| Gentamicin or amikacin | 23 (25.3) | 19 (31.7) | 4 (12.4) | 0.074 |
| 2nd to 4th generation cephalosporins | 13 (14.3) | 8 (61.5) | 5 (38.5) | 0.757 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | 12 (13.2) | 12 (20.0) | 0 (0) | 0.005 |
| Meropenem or ertapenem | 16 (17.6) | 15 (25.0) | 1 (3.2) | 0.009 |
| Chronic diseases other than HIV infection, n/N (%) | 15 (16.5) | 6 (10.0) | 9 (29.0) | 0.034 |
| ICU admission prior to PABSI, n/N (%) | 61 (67.0) | 50 (83.3) | 11 (35.3) | 0.0001 |
| Central venous access device in situ, n/N (%) | 59 (54.8) | 48 (80.0) | 11 (35.5) | 0.0001 |
| Endotracheal Intubation in situ, n/N (%) | 54 (59.3) | 46 (76.7) | 8 (25.8) | 0.0001 |
| Burn wound, n/N (%) | 19 (21.1) | 11 (18.3) | 8 (26.7) | 0.416 |
| Surgery during current admission, n/N (%) | 46 (51.1) | 39 (65.0) | 7 (23.3) | 0.0001 |
*Comparison of HAI and IPOA, HAI Healthcare-associated infection, IPOA Infections present on admission, PABSI Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infection, C Celsius, ICU Intensive care unit