Table 1.
Distribution of maternal and obstetric sample characteristics by nativity, 2013–2017, N = 8609
| U.S.-born n = 7222 |
Foreign-born n = 1387 |
Total n = 8609 |
p value (by χ2) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Maternal Age (years) | < 0.0001 | |||
| < 24 | 1014 (14.0) | 30 (2.2) | 1044 (12.1) | |
| 24–39 | 5751 (79.6) | 1187 (85.6) | 6938 (80.6) | |
| > 40 | 457 (6.3) | 170 (12.3) | 627 (7.3) | |
| Prior PTB | 0.0033 | |||
| Yes | 222 (3.1) | 23 (1.7) | 245 (2.9) | |
| No | 6991 (96.9) | 1373 (98.4) | 8364 (97.2) | |
| Parity | 0.6771 | |||
| Nulliparous | 2130 (29.5) | 420 (30.1) | 2550 (29.8) | |
| Multiparous/missing parity | 5083 (70.5) | 976 (69.9) | 6059 (70.4) | |
| Education | < 0.0001 | |||
| < 12 | 704 (9.8) | 88 (6.3) | 792 (9.2) | |
| 12 | 2211 (30.6) | 297 (21.4) | 2508 (29.1) | |
| > 12 | 4099 (56.8) | 926 (66.8) | 5025 (58.4) | |
| Missing values | 208 (2.9) | 76 (5.5) | 284 (3.3) | |
| Participation in WIC | < 0.0001 | |||
| Yes | 4785 (66.3) | 715 (51.6) | 5500 (63.9) | |
| No | 2397 (33.2) | 663 (47.8) | 3060 (35.5) | |
| Missing values | 40 (0.6) | 9 (0.7) | 49 (0.6) | |
| Preeclampsia | 0.0014 | |||
| Yes | 971 (13.5) | 143 (10.3) | 1114 (12.9) | |
| No | 6251 (86.6) | 1244 (89.7) | 7495 (87.1) | |
| Smoking during pregnancy | < 0.0001 | |||
| Yes | 725 (10.0) | 8 (0.6) | 733 (8.5) | |
| No | 6497 (90.0) | 1379 (99.4) | 7876 (91.5) | |
| Payer status for birth | < 0.0001 | |||
| Employer health/individual plans | 2715 (37.6) | 601 (43.3) | 3316 (38.5) | |
| Medi-Cal/Public insurance | 4024 (55.7) | 687 (49.5) | 4711 (54.7) | |
| Self-Pay | 49 (0.7) | 31 (2.2) | 80 (0.9) | |
| Other | 434 (6.0) | 68 (4.9) | 502 (5.8) | |
| Body mass index [BMI (kg/m2)] | < 0.0001 | |||
| < 18.5 | 93 (1.3) | 29 (2.1) | 122 (1.4) | |
| 18.5 to < 25 | 1235 (17.1) | 434 (31.3) | 1669 (19.4) | |
| 25 to < 30 | 1561 (21.6) | 437 (31.5) | 1998 (23.2) | |
| 30 to < 35 | 1539 (21.3) | 262 (18.9) | 1801 (20.9) | |
| 35 to < 40 | 1168 (16.2) | 85 (6.1) | 1253 (14.6) | |
| > 40 | 1245 (17.2) | 57 (4.1) | 1302 (15.1) | |
| Missing values | 381 (5.3) | 83 (6.0) | 464 (5.4) | |
| Adequacy of prenatal care | 0.0032 | |||
| Adequate/adequate plus | 5367 (74.3) | 965 (69.6) | 6332 (73.6) | |
| Intermediate | 854 (11.8) | 193 (13.9) | 1047 (12.2) | |
| Inadequate | 797 (11.0) | 186 (13.4) | 983 (11.4) | |
| Missing | 204 (2.8) | 43 (3.1) | 247 (2.9) | |
| Birth Type | 0.8498 | |||
| Vaginal Birth | 3630 (50.3) | 701 (50.5) | 4331 (50.3) | |
| Cesarean Birth | 3592 (49.7) | 686 (49.5) | 4278 (49.7) |
anot presented when n < 5