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. 2020 Oct 5;145(3):237–258. doi: 10.1007/s11120-020-00782-3

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© The Author(s) 2020

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Fig. 8 — Three-dimensional model depicting how the grana thylakoids are connected to the stroma thylakoids. The stroma thylakoids (ST) are shown to be organized as parallel sheets that form right-handed helices around each granum (G). On the right side, two grana are omitted to illustrate eight thylakoids that spiral around the grana stacks. At the left, seven of the eight stroma thylakoids were omitted so that the numerous connections between grana and stroma lamellae could be drawn in. From Paolillo (1970)