Table 1.

Demographic and clinical characteristics

Variable	PD (n = 19)	Healthy controls (n = 10)	p- value
Age (years)	66.6 ± 8.9	65.3 ± 7.3	.70
Sex (female/male, n)	5/14	7/3	.03*
Education (years)	17.5 ± 2.8	17.3 ± 3.9	.84
Handedness (R/L, n)	19/0	10/0	N/A
Cognitive status (MoCA score)	27.3 ± 1.4	27.6 ± 2.3	.69
Disease duration (years)	5.7 ± 3.0	N/A	N/A
MDS-UPDRS II	11.5 ± 6.8	N/A	N/A
MDS-UPDRS III	30.9 ± 11.5	N/A	N/A
Modified H & Y scale	2.1 ± .4	N/A	N/A
LED	749.3 ± 370.9	N/A	N/A
SCOPA-AUT	15.5 ± 6.6	N/A	N/A

Note: PD = Parkinson’s disease; R/L = Right/Left; MoCA = Montreal Cognitive Assessment; MDS-UPDRS = Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale; H &Y = Hoehn and Yahr; LED = Levodopa Equivalent Dose; SCOPA-AUT = Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease-Autonomic questionnaire; N/A = Not Applicable. The results are presented as mean ± standard deviation except for the sex variable.

^*Significant value (p < .05).