Table 4.
Associations between aspirin use and statins use and the abundancea of immune cell markers in a subsetb of men from the placebo arm of PCPT
| Aspirin use |
Statins Use |
|||||
| CD4 |
CD4 |
|||||
| Low | Medium | High | Low | Medium | High | |
| # users / non-users | 42 / 17 | 84 / 50 | 79 / 49 | 18 / 41 | 44 / 90 | 38 / 90 |
| Model 1 OR (95% CI) | 1.47 (0.76–2.85) | Ref | 0.96 (0.58–1.58) | 0.90 (0.46–1.74) | Ref | 0.86 (0.51–1.46) |
| Model 2 OR (95% CI) | 1.50 (0.77–2.91) | Ref | 0.94 (0.57–1.55) | 0.94 (0.48–1.84) | Ref | 0.82 (0.48–1.40) |
| Model 3 OR (95% CI) | 1.66 (0.81–3.40) | Ref | 1.06 (0.61–1.82) | 0.91 (0.45–1.85) | Ref | 0.85 (0.49–1.50) |
| CD8 |
CD8 |
|||||
| Low | Medium | High | Low | Medium | High | |
| # users / non-users | 25 / 9 | 144 / 82 | 39 / 27 | 14 / 20 | 71 / 155 | 17 / 49 |
| Model 1 OR (95% CI) | 1.58 (0.71–3.55) | Ref | 0.82 (0.47–1.44) | 1.53 (0.73–3.20) | Ref | 0.76 (0.41–1.41) |
| Model 2 OR (95% CI) | 1.60 (0.71–3.60) | Ref | 0.80 (0.45–1.40) | 1.58 (0.75–3.36) | Ref | 0.71 (0.38–1.33) |
| Model 3 OR (95% CI) | 1.33 (0.56–3.13) | Ref | 0.76 (0.41–1.40) | 1.60 (0.72–3.57) | Ref | 0.77 (0.40–1.50) |
| FoxP3 |
FoxP3 |
|||||
| Low | Medium | High | Low | Medium | High | |
| # users / non-users | 15 / 2 | 135 / 80 | 50 / 33 | 5 / 12 | 67 / 148 | 24 / 59 |
| Model 1 OR (95% CI) | 4.44 (0.99–19.94) | Ref | 0.90 (0.53–1.51) | 0.92 (0.31–2.72) | Ref | 0.90 (0.52–1.57) |
| Model 2 OR (95% CI) | 4.98 (1.10–22.58) | Ref | 0.86 (0.51–1.45) | 1.15 (0.38–3.48) | Ref | 0.84 (0.48–1.48) |
| Model 3 OR (95% CI) | 5.60 (1.16–27.07) | Ref | 0.94 (0.53–1.67) | 1.01 (0.31–3.23) | Ref | 0.97 (0.54–1.77) |
| CD68 |
CD68 |
|||||
| Low | Medium | High | Low | Medium | High | |
| # users / non-users | 30 / 15 | 157 / 88 | 20 / 15 | 21 / 24 | 74 / 171 | 8 / 27 |
| Model 1 OR (95% CI) | 1.12 (0.57–2.20) | Ref | 0.75 (0.36–1.53) | 2.02 (1.06–3.86) | Ref | 0.69 (0.30–1.58) |
| Model 2 OR (95% CI) | 1.09 (0.55–2.14) | Ref | 0.73 (0.36–1.51) | 1.92 (1.00–3.71) | Ref | 0.65 (0.28–1.51) |
| Model 3 OR (95% CI) | 0.83 (0.40–1.73) | Ref | 0.73 (0.33–1.60) | 1.63 (0.81–3.27) | Ref | 0.72 (0.30–1.75) |
| c-Kit |
c-Kit |
|||||
| Low | Medium | High | Low | Medium | High | |
| # users / non-users | 15 / 12 | 137 / 81 | 34 / 18 | 9 / 18 | 72 / 146 | 12 / 40 |
| Model 1 OR (95% CI) | 0.74 (0.33–1.66) | Ref | 1.12 (0.59–2.11) | 1.01 (0.43–2.37) | Ref | 0.61 (0.30–1.23) |
| Model 2 OR (95% CI) | 0.71 (0.32–1.60) | Ref | 1.10 (0.58–2.09) | 0.95 (0.40–2.25) | Ref | 0.58 (0.28–1.19) |
| Model 3 OR (95% CI) | 0.48 (0.19–1.22) | Ref | 1.18 (0.60–2.32) | 1.23 (0.48–3.19) | Ref | 0.62 (0.30–1.31) |
Abundance was scored on a scale of 0–4. When multiple slides per individual were scored, a weighted average was calculated using the number of cores per slide. Abundance was categorized based on the median value of 1 (low: <1, medium: 1, high: >1)
From a case-control study of LUTS nested in the placebo arm of the PCPT (5). The men did not have a clinical indication for biopsy. Sample size for analyses of each marker was as follows: CD4, n=321; CD8, n=326; FoxP3, n=315; CD68, n=325; c-Kit, n=297
Model 1: unadjusted
Model 2: adjusted for age and race
Model 3: adjusted for age (continuous), race (white, black), BMI (continuous), smoking status (current, former, never), physical activity (sedentary, light, moderate, active), education (college, no college), diabetes (yes, no), and statins use (for aspirin model) or aspirin use (for statins model) (yes, no)
Bolded values are statistically significant
PCPT, Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval