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. 2020 Oct 7;10:16752. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-73606-y

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The novel cyanorhodopsin clade. (a) Maximum likelihood tree of amino acid sequences of microbial rhodopsins. Bootstrap probabilities (≥ 50%) are indicated by colored circles. Green branches indicate cyanobacterial rhodopsins, and black branches indicate others. Rhodopsin clades are as follows: NaR (Na⁺-pumping rhodopsin), ClR (Cl⁻-pumping rhodopsin), XLR (xanthorhodopsin-like rhodopsin), PR (proteorhodopsin), XeR (xenorhodopsin), DTG-motif rhodopsin, SR (sensory rhodopsin-I and sensory rhodopsin-II), BR (bacteriorhodopsin), HR (halorhodopsin), CyHR (cyanobacterial halorhodopsin), and a novel cyanobacteria-specific clade (yellow shading). (b) Enlarged view of the novel cyanobacteria-specific clade. The three rhodopsins functionally examined in this study are shown in red. The scale bar represents substitutions per site.