Table 2.
Sudden cardiac arrest characteristics according to Utstein-style guidelines.
| Characteristic | All (n=648) | HFrEF (n=274) | bHFpEF (n=92) | HFpEF (n=282) | P value for differences between HF sub-types |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home arrest, % * | 0.50 | ||||
| Yes | 63.1 | 65.6 | 59.8 | 61.7 | |
| Witnessed collapse, % * | 0.56 | ||||
| Yes | 59.9 | 61.8 | 55.4 | 59.6 | |
| Bystander CPR, % | 0.70 | ||||
| Yes | 36.1 | 38.0 | 34.8 | 34.8 | |
| Response time, min * | 0.91 | ||||
| Median | 6.3 | 6.2 | 6.6 | 6.4 | |
| Interquartile range | 5.0–8.0 | 4.7–8.2 | 5.0–8.0 | 5.0–8.0 | |
| Initial heart rhythm, % | <0.001 | ||||
| VF or VT (shockable rhythm) | 37.5 | 44.5 | 48.9 | 27.0 | |
| PEA | 25.9 | 26.6 | 15.2 | 28.7 | |
| Asystole | 35.0 | 27.4 | 32.6 | 43.3 | |
| PEA or asystole | 1.5 | 1.5 | 3.3 | 1.1 | |
| Resuscitation attempted, % | 0.11 | ||||
| Yes | 90.9 | 93.4 | 91.3 | 88.3 | |
| ROSC, % | 0.11 | ||||
| Yes | 40.4 | 39.1 | 53.3 | 37.6 | |
| Unknown | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.4 | |
| Survival to hospital discharge, % | 0.003 | ||||
| Yes | 12.0 | 10.6 | 22.8 | 9.9 |
*
Information was missing in some participants. Thus, data represent estimates from subpopulations (n): location of arrest was missing for n=1; witnessed status was missing for n=4; and response time was missing for n=19.
bHFpEF, heart failure with borderline preserved ejection fraction (>40% to <50%); CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (≥50%); HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (≤40%); PEA, pulseless electrical activity; ROSC, return of spontaneous circulation; VF, ventricular fibrillation; VT, ventricular tachycardia.