Table 4.

Fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) and mortality among adolescent and young adult cancer carcinoma patients

	PM2.5 per 5 ug/m3				PM2.5 ≥12 ug/m3
	5 years post-diagnosis		10 years post-diagnosis		5 years post-diagnosis		10 years post-diagnosis
	HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI
Cancer mortality
Breast	1.18	0.91–1.54	1.16	0.97–1.39	1.50a	1.29–1.74	1.30a	1.13–1.50
Cervical	0.84	0.62–1.13	0.83	0.67–1.02	0.83	0.61–1.13	0.78	0.57–1.06
Colorectal	1.36a	1.06–1.75	1.23a	1.00–1.52	1.74a	1.29–2.35	1.67a	1.20–2.31
Kidney and renal pelvis	4.06a	2.06–7.99b	6.95a	3.10–15.59b	--		--
Lung	0.94	0.68–1.29	0.86	0.59–1.26	--		--
Testicular	0.92	0.54–1.58b	0.88	0.54–1.42b	--		--
Thyroid	--		1.16	0.61–2.19b	--		--
Other	1.09	0.98–1.22	1.05	0.94–1.19	1.03	0.88–1.20	1.00	0.84–1.18
All-cause mortality
Breast	1.26	0.98–1.62	1.20	0.99–1.45	1.62a	1.42–1.84	1.36a	1.19–1.55
Cervical	0.86	0.74–1.01	0.83a	0.76–0.90	0.85	0.62–1.18	0.73a	0.54–0.99
Colorectal	1.31a	1.04–1.66	1.21	0.99–1.49	1.65a	1.35–2.03	1.64a	1.31–2.04
Kidney and renal pelvis	2.86a	2.09–3.91	2.09a	1.16–3.79b	--		--
Lung	1.02	0.77–1.34	0.93	0.67–1.29	--		--
Testicular	0.99	0.58–1.70b	0.95	0.62–1.46	--		--
Thyroid	--		1.28	0.74–2.23b	--		--
Other	1.07	0.98–1.18	1.04	0.94–1.15	1.01	0.84–1.21	0.99	0.82–1.19

HR=hazard ratio; 95% CI=95% confidence interval; Cumulative average monthly PM_2.5 over all residential ZIP codes over 5 and 10 years; Models adjusted for sex, race/ethnicity, age at diagnosis, and census tract SES at diagnosis clustered by county; Separate baseline hazard included for stage of diagnosis; Estimates rounded to the nearest hundredth;

^aHazard ratios significant if null value not included in the 95% CI;

^bRatio of upper-to-lower 95% confidence interval is ≥3;

^--Event count <10.