Table 2.
Studies linking pesticide and herbicide exposure with risk of common NHL subtypes
| NHL Subtype | Author | Casesa | Controlsb | Exposure | Exposure Assessment | Exposure Metric | Effect Estimate (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DLBCL | Schinasi et al.34,‡ | NR | NR | Phenoxy herbicides | Various | Various | meta RR: 2.0 (1.1-3.7) |
| Eriksson et al.31,‡ | 239 | 1,016 | Phenoxyacetic acids | Self-report | Occupational exposure > 45 days | OR: 2.16 (1.08-4.33) | |
| Leon et al.16,† | 434 | 313,840 | Glyphosate | Self-report; crop-exposure matrices | Ever exposed | HR: 1.36 (1.00-1.85) | |
| BL | Buckley et al.74 | 61 | 268 | Use of household exterminator | Self-report | Use more than once per week | OR: 8.0 (p < 0.05) |
| 61 | 268 | Contact with insecticides or herbicides | Self-report | Ever exposed | OR: 4.7 (p < 0.05) | ||
| 61 | 268 | Occupational exposure to pesticides in the mother | Self-report | Ever exposed | OR: 9.6 (p < 0.05) | ||
| FL | Schroeder et al.68 | 622c | 1245 | Lindane | Self-report | Ever exposed | OR: 2.3 (1.3-3.9) |
| Dieldrin | Self-report | Ever exposed | OR: 3.7 (1.9-7.0) | ||||
| Toxaphene | Self-report | Ever exposed | OR: 3.0 (1.5-6.1) | ||||
| Phthalimide | Self-report | Ever exposed | OR: 2.9 (1.1-7.5) | ||||
| Chiu et al.69 | 172c | 1432 | Crop insecticides | Self-report | Exposure > 12 years | OR: 3.0 (1.1-8.2) | |
| Herbicides | Self-report | Exposure > 17 years | OR: 2.9 (1.1-7.9) | ||||
| Fumigants | Self-report | Ever use | OR: 5.0 (1.7-14.5) | ||||
| Eriksson et al.22,‡ | 165 | 1,016 | DDT | Self-report (occupations) | Occupational exposure > 37 days | OR: 2.14 (1.05-4.40) | |
| 165 | 1,016 | Mercurial seed dressing | Self-report (occupations) | Occupational exposure > 12 days | OR: 3.61 (1.20-10.9) | ||
| Fritschi et al.62 | 227 | 694 | Occupational exposure to organophosphates | Self-report; industrial hygienists; pesticide-crop matrix | Substantial | OR: 4.28 (1.41-13.0) | |
| CLL/SLL | Eriksson et al.22,‡ | 195 | 1,016 | Glyphosate | Self-report | Occupational exposure > 10 days | OR: 3.35 (1.42-7.89) |
| 195 | 1,016 | Herbicides | Self-report | Occupational exposure > 20 days | OR: 2.27 (1.28-4.01) | ||
| Cocco et al.33,‡ | 9 | 21 | Organophosphates | Self-report; industrial hygienists | Ever occupationally exposed | OR: 2.7 (1.2-6.0) | |
| Alavanja et al.80, † | 34 | 106 | Metaxyl | Self-report; imputation | Ever occupationally exposed | RR: 1.6 (1.0-2.5) | |
| 31 | 72 | Terbufos | Self-report; imputation | High occupational exposure group | RR: 1.6 (1.0-2.5) | ||
| 15 | 79 | DDT | Self-report; imputation | High occupational exposure group | RR: 2.6 (1.3-4.8) | ||
| Leon et al.16,† | 497 | 313,840 | Deltamethrin | Self-report; crop-exposure matrix | Ever exposed; crop-exposure matrices | HR: 1.48 (1.06-2.07) | |
a
Total exposed/unexposed cases
b
Total exposed/unexposed controls
c
Outcomes are t(14;18)-positive NHL versus (t14;18)-negative NHL
‡
Studies included in meta-analysis
†
Overlapping cohorts
Abbreviations: NHL = non-Hodgkin lymphoma; DLBCL = diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; BL = Burkitt lymphoma; FL = follicular lymphoma; CLL/SLL = chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma; DDT = dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane; NR = not reported; OR = odds ratio; RR = risk ratio; CI = confidence interval.