Table 1.

Parameter estimates of the optimal intrinsic, extrinsic, and extended extrinsic model for Atlantic cod growth selected with AICc.

Predictors	Intrinsic		Extrinsic		Extrinsic extended
	Estimates	CI	Estimates	CI	Estimates	CI
(a) Fixed effects
Intercept	5.326	5.313 to 5.338	5.320	5.307 to 5.333	4.830	4.583 to 5.077
Age	− 0.632	− 0.649 to − 0.615	− 0.646	− 0.666 to − 0.626	− 0.645	− 0.663 to − 0.627
N			0.000	− 0.008 to 0.008	− 0.002	− 0.010 to 0.006
Age:N			0.019	0.005 to 0.033	0.017	0.003 to 0.031
SSTspawn			0.033	0.009 to 0.058
Age:SSTspawn			− 0.068	− 0.098 to − 0.038
SSTspawn-within					0.020	− 0.009 to 0.049
Age:SSTspawn-within					− 0.092	− 0.126 to − 0.058
SSTspawn-among					0.069	0.035 to 0.103
(b) Random effects
σ2	0.056		0.056		0.056
τ00	0.007 FishID		0.007 FishID		0.007 FishID
	0.002 Year		0.002 Year		0.002 Year
	0.002 Cohort		0.001 Cohort		0.001 Cohort
τ11	0.013 Age|FishID		0.012 Age|FishID		0.012 Age|FishID
					0.005 SSTspawn-within|FishID
	0.002 Age|Year		0.001 Age|Year		0.001 Age|Year
	0.003 Age|Cohort		0.006 Age|Cohort		0.004 Age|Cohort
ρ	0.399 FishID-Age		0.436 FishID-Age		0.440 FishID-Age
	− 0.167 Year-Age		− 0.050 Year-Age		− 0.107 Year-Age
	0.242 Cohort-Age		0.286 Cohort-Age		0.167 Cohort-Age
N	3728 FishID		3677 FishID		3677 FishID
	107 Year		87 Year		87 Year
	100 Cohort		89 Cohort		89 Cohort
Observations	28,234		26,436		26,436

Estimates are given for all fixed effects with confidence intervals (CI). For the random effects residual variance (σ²), the variance associated with tested effects (τ) and their correlations (ρ) are given. The number of observations used to fit the model is specified in the bottom row.