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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Hum Evol. 2020 Sep 6;147:102865. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102865

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Moments (in N m) = (force [N] × distance [m]) acting about axes parallel to the coordinate system on the working-side, the balancing-side and through the symphyseal region. Numbers on the ordinate correspond to section planes illustrated in the figures at bottom. Moments about X axes are SI moments (i.e., moments about SI axes), or transverse bending moments (i.e., moments that bend in transverse planes); moments about Y axes are AP or twisting moments; moments about Z are ML or sagittal bending moments. Balancing-side frontal and working-side frontal: These moments are calculated as the sums of all the moments acting on the bone anterior to frontal planes through the illustrated sections. This includes those moments acting on the contralateral hemi-mandible, whether behind or in front of the section plane. Symphysis frontal: moments about frontal planes through the symphyseal region summed anterior to the illustrated sections. Symphysis sagittal: moments about sagittal planes through the symphyseal region summed to the right of the illustrated sections. For example, moments acting on the midsagittal plane are the sum of all balancing-side moments.