Table 3.
Summary of major human studies of probiotic interventions, their mechanism of action and their outcomes related to T1D.
| Name of Probiotic strains | Study type | Probiotic type and dose | Duration of intervention | Mechanism of action | Outcomes | Reference | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lactobacillus johnsonii N6.2 | A double-blind, randomized clinical trial in 42 healthy individuals with no known risk factors for T1D | 1 capsule/day containing 108 colony-forming units of L. johnsonii N6.2 or placebo | 8 weeks | - Significantly decreased the occurrence of abdominal pain, indigestion, and cephalic syndromes - Icreased serum tryptophan levels increased resulting in a decreased K:T ratio - Monocytes and natural killer cell numbers were increased significantly - Increases of circulating effector Th1 cells (CD45RO+CD183+CD196–) and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells |
- Potential and safety therapeutic in prevention risk for T1D. | (126) | 2017 |
| Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 | 96 children aged 8 to 17 years with newly diagnosed T1D | 109 UCF/day or placebo | 6 months | - Modulate the immune system for preventing islet cell destruction - Improved the gut mucosal barrier |
- Preserves cell function by reducing the risk of autoimmunity - Reduce/inhibits the growth of pathogens |
(127) | 2017 |
| Probiotics | 1039 individuals (mean age 46 ± 14 years, 45% men) with T1D and without end-stage renal disease | Not mentioned | 2 years | - Decrease in obesity, body mass index - Regulated HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride components and blood pressure |
- Better health related to diabetic disease | (128) | 2017 |