Table 2. Common AEDs and their adverse effects in the elderly⁷,²⁸.

AEDs	Adverse effects
Phenytoin	Cognition impairment, cardiac conduction abnormalities, diplopia, nystagmus
Carbamazepine	Hyponatremia, cardiac conduction abnormalities, weight gain, rash
Valproate	Weight gain, tremor
Gabapentin	Weight gain
Pregabalin	Somnolence, weight gain
Lamotrigine	Rash
Levetiracetam	Mood abnormalties
Oxcarbazepine	Hyponatremia, cardiac conduction abnormalities, diplopia, rash
Topiramate	Cognition impairment, renal stone, glaucoma, weight loss
Zonisamide	Cognition impairment, renal stone, weight loss

AEDs: antiepileptic drugs.