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. 2020 Oct 7;20:301. doi: 10.1186/s12866-020-01974-6

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Staphylococcus species suppress expression of interleukin-33 (IL-33). ARNE cells were inoculated with nasal commensal S. aureus (AR-SA) and S. epidermidis (AR-SE) from subjects with AR at a MOI of 0.25. Levels of mRNAs encoding epithelial cell-derived Th2 cytokines including IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) were monitored by real-time PCR (IL-33 mRNA in AR-SA-inoculated ARNE cells (a) and AR-SE-inoculated ARNE cells (b), TSLP mRNA in AR-SA-inoculated ARNE cells (c) and AR-SE-inoculated ARNE cells (d). IL-33 mRNA and protein levels of normal human nasal epithelial (NHNE, white bar) and ARNE cells (Black bar) inoculated with AR-SA were analyzed by real-time PCR (e) and Western blot (f), respectively. Secreted IL-33 protein levels of normal human nasal epithelial (NHNE, white bar) and ARNE cells (Black bar) inoculated with AR-SA were analyzed by ELISA (g) Results are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) from five independent experiments and western blot results is also representative of five independent experiments. *p < 0.05 compared with control ARNE cells (a, b, c, and d). *p < 0.05 comparing levels between NHNE and ARNE cells (e, g). The original, unprocessed versions of full-length gel/blot images are included in the online data supplement (Additional file 3: supplementary figure)