Table 2.

Summary of clinical trials of main targeted agents

Agent	Targets	Results	Cancer type	References
Cetuximab	EGFR	mPFS (Placebo vs. Cetuximab): 2.0 months vs. 2.9 months mOS (Placebo vs. Cetuximab): 3.0 months vs. 5.1 months	EAC	13
Nimotuzumab	EGFR	mPFS: 13.9 months mOS: 9 months	ESCC	18
Gefitinib	EGFR	mPFS: 2.2 months mOS: 6.1 months	ESCC	22
Icotinib	EGFR	mPFS: 1.7 months mOS: 3.73 months	ESCC	26
Trastuzumab	HER2	mPFS: 7.8 months mOS: 16 months	EAC	33
Lapatinib	HER3	PFS: 6.0 months OS: 12.2 months	ESCC	38
Bevacizumab	VEGF/VEGFR	3-year overall survival (chemotherapy alone group vs. bevacizumab group): 48.1% vs. 50.3%	EAC	46
Ramucirumab	VEGF/VEGFR	mPFS: 5.1 months mOS: 5.2 months	GEJ	50
Endostar and Chemotherapy	VEGF/VEGFR	PFS > 8 months	ESCC	55
Sunitinib	VEGF/VEGFR	mPFS (Sunitinib+FOLFIRI vs. Sunitinib+Placebo): 3.5 months vs. 3.3 months	GEJ	57
Sorafenib	VEGF/VEGFR	mPFS: 5.8 months mOS: 13.6 months	GEJ	58
Apatinib	VEGF/VEGFR	PFS: 3.8 months OS: 6.96 months	ESCC	60
Anlotinib	VEGF/VEGFR	mPFS (Placebo vs. Anlotinib):1.4 months vs. 3.0 months Disease control rates (DCR): 38.1%	ESCC	63
Pembrolizumab	PD-1/PD-L1	mOS: 5.8 months Overall remission rate (ORR): 14.3% vs. 5.2%	ESCC/EAC	100
Camrelizumab	PD-1/PD-L1	PFS: 2.0 months OS: 8.0 months	ESCC	116
Ipilimumab and Nivolumab	PD-1/PD-L1	mOS (Ipilimumab&Nivolumab vs. Nivolumab): 6.9 months vs. 5.0 months	EC	89