Table. Baseline Characteristics From Included Cardiovascular and Kidney Outcomes Trials With SGLT2 Inhibitorsa.
| Characteristic | No. (%)b | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EMPA-REG outcome19 (n = 7020) | CANVAS program20 (n = 10 142) | DECLARE-TIMI 5821 (n = 17 160) | CREDENCE22 (n = 4401) | VERTIS CV16 (n = 8246) | |
| SGLT2 inhibitor | Empagliflozin | Canagliflozin | Dapagliflozin | Canagliflozin | Ertugliflozin |
| Duration of follow-up, median, y | 3.1 | 2.4 | 4.2 | 2.6 | 3.0 |
| Patient characteristics | |||||
| Men | 5016 (71.5) | 6509 (64.2) | 10 738 (62.6) | 2907 (66.1) | 5769 (70.0) |
| Women | 2004 (28.5) | 3633 (35.8) | 6422 (37.4) | 1494 (33.9) | 2477 (30.0) |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 63.1 (8.6) | 63.3 (8.3) | 63.9 (6.8) | 63.0 (9.2) | 64.4 (8.1) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| White | 5081 (72.4) | 7944 (78.3) | 13 653 (79.6) | 2931 (66.6) | 7240 (87.8) |
| Asian | 1517 (21.6) | 1284 (12.7) | 2303 (13.4) | 877 (19.9) | 498 (6.0) |
| Black or African American | 357 (5.1) | 336 (3.3) | 603 (3.5) | 224 (5.1) | 235 (2.8) |
| Other/missing | 65 (0.9) | 578 (5.7) | 601 (3.5) | 369 (8.4) | 273 (3.3) |
| Diabetes characteristics | |||||
| HbA1c, mean (SD), % | 8.1 (0.8) | 8.2 (0.9) | 8.3 (1.2) | 8.3 (1.3) | 8.2 (1.0) |
| Diabetes duration, mean (SD), y | 57 > 10c | 13.5 (7.8) | 11.8 (7.8) | 15.8 (8.6) | 13.0 (8.3) |
| Cardiovascular characteristics | |||||
| Established cardiovascular disease | 7020 (100) | 6656 (65.6) | 6974 (40.6) | 2220 (50.4) | 8246 (100) |
| History of heart failure | 706 (10.1) | 1461 (14.4) | 1724 (10.0) | 652 (14.8) | 1958 (23.7) |
| Renal characteristics | |||||
| Reduced kidney functiond | 1819 (25.9) | 2039 (20.1) | 1265 (7.4) | 2631 (59.8) | 1807 (21.9) |
| Urine ACR≥300 mg/g | 769 (11.0) | 760 (7.6) | 1169 (6.8) | 3874 (88.0) | 755 (9.2) |
| Cardiovascular medications | |||||
| ACEI or ARB blockade | 5666 (80.7) | 8116 (80.0) | 13 950 (81.3) | 4395 (99.9) | 6686 (81.1) |
| β-Blocker | 4554 (64.9) | 5421 (53.5) | 9030 (52.6) | 1770 (40.2) | 5692 (69.0) |
| Statin/ezetimibe | 5403 (77.0) | 7599 (74.9) | 12 868 (75.0) | 3036 (69.0) | 6790 (82.3) |
| Antihyperglycemic medications | |||||
| Insulin | 3387 (48.2) | 5095 (50.2) | 7013 (40.9) | 2884 (65.5) | 3900 (47.3) |
| Metformin | 5193 (74.0) | 7825 (77.2) | 14 068 (82.0) | 2545 (57.8) | 6292 (76.3) |
| Sulfonylurea | 3006 (42.8) | 4361 (43.0) | 7322 (42.7) | 1268 (28.8) | 3390 (41.1) |
| DPP-4 inhibitor | 796 (11.3) | 1261 (12.4) | 2888 (16.8) | 751 (17.1) | 911 (11.0) |
| GLP-1 receptor agonist | 196 (2.8) | 407 (4.0) | 750 (4.4) | 183 (4.2) | 278 (3.4) |
Abbreviations: ACEI, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ACR, albumin/creatinine ratio; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CANVAS, Canagliflozin Cardiovascular Assessment Study; CREDENCE, Evaluation of the Effects of Canagliflozin on Renal and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Participants With Diabetic Nephropathy; DECLARE-TIMI 58, Multicenter Trial to Evaluate the Effect of Dapagliflozin on the Incidence of Cardiovascular Events; DPP-4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4; EMPA-REG OUTCOME, Empagliflozin Cardiovascular Outcome Event Trial in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; SGLT2, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2; VERTIS CV, Cardiovascular Outcomes Following Ertugliflozin Treatment in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Participants With Vascular Disease.
Adapted from Arnott et al, 2020.12
Values written as No. (%) unless otherwise specified.
Approximately 57% more than 10 years.
Estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 based on the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation in EMPA-REG OUTCOME, the CANVAS Program, and VERTIS CV, and the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation in DECLARE-TIMI 58 and CREDENCE.