Table 2.
The laboratory findings, complications, treatment and clinical outcome of patients with COVID-19 among 3 groups
| Younger (n = 102) | Middle-aged (n = 157) | Older (n = 307) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| White blood cells (109/L) | 5.57 (4.16–7.18) | 5.37 (4.28–7.07) | 5.73 (4.53–7.56) |
| Neutrophils (109/L) | 2.93 (2.11–4.66) | 3.14 (2.55–4.59) | 3.87 (2.73–5.56)*# |
| Lymphocytes (109/L) | 1.52 (1.09–2.02) | 1.31 (0.90–1.73) | 1.01 (0.68–1.57)*# |
| < 0.8 | 13 (12.7%) | 29 (18.5%) | 101 (32.9%)*# |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 133.0 (122.8–145.0) | 125.0 (116.5–135.5)* | 121.0 (111.0–132.0)*# |
| Platelet (109/L) | 220.5 (177.3–272.3) | 231.0 (178.0–295.5) | 208.0 (155.0–261.0)# |
| < 100 | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (1.3%) | 19 (6.2%)*# |
| CRP (mg/L) | 2.53 (0.50–11.88) | 5.60 (0.71–37.40) | 27.70 (2.64–72.85)*# |
| ALT (U/L) | 26.0 (17.8–48.0) | 27.0 (18.0–51.0) | 23.0 (16.0–36.0)# |
| AST (U/L) | 23.0 (17.0–33.3) | 25.0 (19.0–37.0) | 27.0 (19.0–39.0)* |
| ALP (U/L) | 57.0 (45.0–69.3) | 64.5 (52.0–81.3)* | 66.0 (55.0–81.0)* |
| GGT (U/L) | 23.0 (15.0–39.3) | 29.5 (18.0–51.0) | 27.0 (17.0–47.0) |
| Total bilirubin (μmol/L) | 10.1 (7.2–13.0) | 10.2 (7.5–13.7) | 11.1 (8.4–15.2)*# |
| Albumin (g/L) | 41.5 (38.4–44.7) | 39.4 (36.6–42.1)* | 36.6 (33.1–39.3)*# |
| < 30 | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 18 (5.9%)*# |
| Urea nitrogen (mmol/L) | 4.11 (3.10–5.42) | 4.53 (3.40–5.61) | 5.40 (4.28–7.41)*# |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 61.0 (48.8–72.0) | 55.0 (46.5–67.5) | 63.0 (52.0–75.0)# |
| Blood glucose (mmol/L) | 4.99 (4.59–5.87) | 5.36 (4.83–6.76)* | 5.80 (5.04–7.43)*# |
| Creatine kinase (U/L) | 61.0 (44.0–108.0) | 56.0 (35.0–82.5) | 60.0 (42.0–94.5) |
| LDH (U/L) | 189.0 (164.8–298.5) | 227.0 (187.0–281.0) | 265.0 (210.0–363.0)*# |
| CK-MB (ng/mL) | 0.64 (0.44–0.88) | 0.75 (0.54–1.05) | 1.27 (0.90–2.25)*# |
| cTnI (ng/mL) | 0.006 (0.006–0.006) | 0.006 (0.006–0.006) | 0.008 (0.006–0.025)*# |
| Complications | |||
| ARDS | 15 (14.7%) | 35 (22.3%) | 88 (28.7%)* |
| Acute cardiac injury | 4/91 (4.4%) | 5/154 (3.2%) | 66/306 (21.6%)*# |
| With history of cardiovascular disease | 0/5 (0.0%) | 0/53 (0.0%) | 56/178 (31.5%)# |
| Without history of cardiovascular disease | 4/86 (4.7%) | 5/101 (5.0%) | 10/128 (7.8%) |
| Heart failure (elevated BNP) | 1/72 (1.4%) | 5/132 (3.8%) | 39/269 (14.5%)*# |
| Novel or worsening arrhythmia | 21 (20.6%) | 26 (16.6%) | 71 (23.1%) |
| Acute liver injury | 9 (8.8%) | 11 (7.0%) | 35 (11.4%) |
| Acute kidney injury | 2 (2.0%) | 1 (0.6%) | 13 (4.2%) |
| Skeletal muscle injury | 9/102 (8.8%) | 8/150 (5.3%) | 20/285 (7.0%) |
| Treatment | |||
| Antiviral therapy | 97 (95.1%) | 150 (95.5%) | 295 (96.1%) |
| Antibiotic therapy | 66 (64.7%) | 114 (72.6%) | 230 (74.9%) |
| Glucocorticoids | 27 (26.5%) | 42 (26.8%) | 127 (41.4%)*# |
| Oxygen support | |||
| Nasal cannula | 71 (69.6%) | 111 (70.7%) | 220 (71.7%) |
| Non-invasive ventilation (ie, face mask) | 9 (8.8%) | 25 (15.9%) | 65 (21.2%)* |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 1 (1.0%) | 4 (2.5%) | 12 (3.9%) |
| Severe | 49 (48.0%) | 99 (63.1%)* | 254 (82.7%)*# |
| Clinical outcome | |||
| Discharge | 100 (98.0%) | 150 (95.5%) | 250 (81.4%)*# |
| Death | 2 (2.0%) | 7 (4.5%) | 57 (18.6%)*# |
*P < 0.05 vs younger group; #P < 0.05 vs middle-aged group. CRP C-reactive protein, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALP alkaline phosphatase, GGT gamma-glutamyl transferase, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, CK-MB creatine kinase-myocardial isoenzyme, cTnI cardiac troponin I ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome