Table 3.
Indoor Air and Surface Nicotine and TSNAs Concentrations Associated With E-cigarette Vaping or Cigarette Smoking
| E-cigarette | Cigarette | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Air | Nicotine (µg/m3) | 0.9–5.1 | 3–22a |
| 0.06–0.32b | 0.21–1.99b | ||
| 0.5–13c | |||
| NNA (ng/m3) | NDd | — | |
| NNK (ng/m3) | ND | ND–13.5e | |
| ND–29f | |||
| Surface | Nicotine (µg/m2) | 0.84–2182 | 5.1–77g |
| 7.7h | 1303h | ||
| 33–8520c | |||
| NNA (ng/m2) | ND–474 | 3–256i | |
| NNK (ng/m2) | ND–430 | 0.4–36.5i | |
| 8.4–19.9j |
Values for e-cigarettes were observed in our study unless otherwise indicated, and values for cigarette smoking were obtained from previous studies. TSNAs = tobacco specific nitrosamines; NNA = 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-4-(3-pyridyl)butanal; NNK = 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone.
aObserved airborne nicotine levels in indoor environments where smoking was allowed.34
bObserved indoor air nicotine levels measured at e-cigarette or cigarette users’ homes.21
cObserved airborne and surface nicotine levels in casino.35
dND indicates nondetected.
eAirborne NNK concentrations observed in office spaces with poor ventilation.36
fAirborne NNK concentrations observed in bars, restaurants, and train.37
gObserved surface nicotine and NNK levels in homes, cars, and hotel rooms with active smoking.38–40
hMean surface nicotine levels observed at e-cigarette or cigarette users’ homes.41
iEstimated surface NNA and NNK concentrations.13
jObserved NNK concentration in smokers’ homes.40