Table 2.

Logic model of programme inputs, processes and outcomes

Intervention inputs	Changes in care processes	Outcomes
Negotiation with national, district and local government health departments, NGOs and funders	Agreement about and support for service model, including reorganisation of clinics and staff Commitment to ensure drug supply	Reorganisation of clinics and staff to implement the model An effective, quality and sustainable funded drug supply chain
Negotiating lower drug prices Supporting and monitoring drug ordering in each clinic Providing buffer drug supplies to each clinic	Drugs always in stock	Increased diagnosis of comorbid conditions Increased retention and adherence Increased viral suppression, better control of blood pressure and blood glucose Less AIDS, cardiovascular disease and diabetes complications Lower patients costs (travel and absence from work) Less health service duplication and costs (health service costs might increase if more patients are diagnosed and are more adherent) Increase patient satisfaction Increased clinician satisfaction; less burn-out and absenteeism Reduce missed opportunities for improving care and health outcomes
Engagement with and support for clinicians and managers in each clinic	Clinicians and managers enable and support integration and find solutions to emerging problems
Provision of integrated service in each clinic (alongside and additional to existing services)	Trial participants attend integrated service Avoid multiple visits for patients with multimorbidity
Training clinicians about integrated clinical management	Better diagnosis and treatment including attention to comorbid conditions
Community engagement	Identify and enlist community organisations and resources to help with health education, tracing defaulters or patients who have difficulty attending clinic
Providing standardised stationery for integrated medical records; training clinicians to use it	Increased awareness by clinicians and patients about disease severity, comorbidity, adherence and control in individual patients
Improving monitoring and evaluation based on clinics registers and medical records	Regular data analysis and feedback to staff	Quality assurance and continuous improvement in the quality of care
Identifying effective health education	Improve health education at clinics	Healthier lifestyles Increased adherence

NGO, non-governmental organisation.