Table 1.
Summary of main study outcomes
| Follow–up | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | Short-term (0–1 year) | Medium-term (1–20 years) | Long-term (>20 years) | |||
| % (95% CI) | Studies (I2 %) | % (95% CI) | Studies (I2 %) | % (95% CI) | Studies (I2 %) | |
| Survival | 92.0 (91.0–93.0) | 151 (85.8) | 90.0 (89.0–91.0) | 133 (84.1) | 87.0 (80.0–92.0) | 4 (84.5) |
| Survival in the first era | 90.0 (89.0–92.0) | 62 (82.6) | 88.0 (87.0–90.0) | 70 (86.9) | 89.0 (80.0–95.0) | 3 (N/A) |
| Survival in the second era | 93.0 (92.0–94.0) | 89 (86.3) | 93.0 (91.0–94.0 | 63 (78.1) | 81.0 (76.0–86.0) | 1 (N/A) |
| Freedom from reoperation | 93.0 (91.0–95.0) | 43 (92.3) | 81.0 (78.0–84.0) | 110 (95.6) | 78.0 (69.0–86.0) | 6 (95.5) |
| Freedom from reoperation in the first era | 96.0 (94.0–97.0) | 22 (89.4) | 83.0 (79.0–86.0) | 62 (95.6) | 75.0 (63.0–85.0) | 4 (94.9) |
| Freedom from reoperation in the second era | 90.0 (85.0–94.0) | 21 (92.3) | 79.0 (74.0–84.0) | 48 (95.9) | 85.0 (82.0–87.0) | 2 (N/A) |
| Aortic insufficiency | 4.0 (2.0–7.0) | 19 (96.2) | 22.0 (17.0–26.0) | 65 (96.9) | 29.0 (25.0–33.0) | 2 (N/A) |
| Aortic insufficiency in the first era | 1.0 (0.0–5.0) | 11 (95.8) | 18.0 (12.0–25.0) | 30 (97.6) | 41.0 (35.0–48.0) | 1 (N/A) |
| Aortic insufficiency in the second era | 9.0 (2.0–15.0) | 8 (94.2) | 25.0 (18.0–32.0) | 35 (95.9) | 19.0 (14.0–24.0) | 1 (N/A) |
| Pulmonary stenosis | 5.0 (2.0–9.0) | 9(85.5) | 12.0 (10.0–15.0) | 54 (92.8) | 82.0 (77.0–86.0) | 1 (N/A) |
| Pulmonary stenosis in the first era | 8.0 (3.0–15.0) | 2 (N/A) | 12.0 (9.0–16.0) | 28 (93.2) | —* | 0 (N/A) |
| Pulmonary stenosis in the second era | 4.0 (1.0–8.0) | 7 (86.5) | 12.0 (8.0–17.0) | 26 (92.3) | 82.0 (77.0–86.0) | 1 (N/A) |
| Coronary anomaly | 1.0 (0.0–4.0) | 5 (59.7) | 8.0 (5.0–11.0) | 37 (93.3) | 23.0 (16.0–31.0) | 2 (N/A) |
| Coronary anomaly in the first era | 1.0 (0.0–3.0) | 1 (N/A) | 4.0 (2.0–6.0) | 16 (87.6) | --* | 0 (N/A) |
| Coronary anomaly in the second era | 1.0 (0.0–5.0) | 4 (53.9) | 12.0 (7.0–18.0) | 21 (94.0) | 23.0 (16.0–31.0) | 2 (N/A) |
| Neuropsychological outcome MDI z score ** | * | —* | −0.1 (−0.8–0.6) | 17 (0.0) | —* | —* |
| Neuropsychological outcome MDI z score** in the first era | —* | —* | −0.0 (−0.9–0.8) | 10 (0.0) | —* | —* |
| Neuropsychological outcome MDI z score** in the second era | —* | —* | −0.3 (−1.9–1.2) | 7 (0.0) | —* | —* |
| Neuropsychological outcome PDI z score** | —* | —* | −0.3 (−1.3–0.7) | 11 (0.0) | —* | —* |
| Neuropsychological outcome PDI z score** in the first era | —* | —* | −0.4 (−1.6–0.9) | 5 (0.0) | —* | —* |
| Neuropsychological outcome PDI z score** in the second era | —* | —* | −0.3 (−1.9–1.3) | 6 (0.0) | —* | —* |
| Quality of life | —* | —* | Assessed with 7 studies. Three studies found no difference in Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) of ASO patients relative to the general population; two studies found that ASO patients had better HRQoL, while two others found they had lower HRQoL. | —* | —* | |
N/A not applicable (in these cases, the outcome was not computed by the statistical software), MDI Mental Development Index, PDI Physical Development Index, HRQoL Health-related quality of life, ASO Arterial switch operation.
*No studies reported on this outcome during the specified time frame.
**The Z score compares the number of standard deviations the score of the d-TGA patients differs from that of the general population, with zero being the score of no difference, lower scores being poor compared with the general population, and higher scores being better