Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of severe and non-severe diabetic patients with COVID-19.
| Total (n = 52) | Severe (n = 21) | Non-severe (n = 31) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male, n (%) | 33 (63.5) | 14 (66.7) | 19 (61.3) | 0.774 |
| Age (years) | 65.50 (61.00-72.75) | 70.00 (62.50–75.50) | 65.00 (59.00–71.00) | 0.164 |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 24.67 (22.35–26.56) | 24.34 (22.85–27.03) | 24.67 (21.48–26.34) | 0.995 |
| Smokers, n (%) | 15 (28.8) | 5 (23.8) | 10 (32.3) | 1.000 |
| DM history (years) | 10.00 (1.25–15.00) | 5.00 (1.00–15.00) | 10.00 (5.00–15.00) | 0.136 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | 36 (69.2) | 14 (66.7) | 22 (71.0) | 0.768 |
| EH | 34 (65.4) | 14 (66.7) | 20 (64.5) | 1.000 |
| CHD | 14 (26.9) | 9 (42.9) | 5 (16.1) | 0.055 |
| CKD | 3 (5.8) | 2 (9.5) | 1 (3.2) | 0.558 |
| Complications of DM, n (%) | 22 (42.3) | 11 (52.4) | 11 (35.5) | 0.263 |
| ASCVD | 18 (34.6) | 9 (42.9) | 9 (29.0) | 0.217 |
| Diabetic nephropathy | 12 (23.1) | 5 (23.8) | 7 (22.6) | 1.000 |
| Diabetic retinopathy | 3 (5.8) | 0 | 3 (9.7) | 0.271 |
| Diabetic foot | 1 (1.9) | 1 (4.8) | 0 | 0.392 |
| Clinical features | ||||
| Fever, n (%) | 45 (86.5) | 18 (85.7) | 27 (87.1) | 1.000 |
| Cough, n (%) | 41 (78.8) | 18 (85.7) | 23 (74.2) | 0.491 |
| Dyspnea, n (%) | 22 (42.3) | 12 (57.1) | 10 (32.3) | 0.093 |
| Nausea or vomiting, n (%) | 19 (36.5) | 5 (23.8) | 14 (45.2) | 0.149 |
| Days from onset to Hospital admission | 7.00 (6.00–13.25) | 7.00 (5.00–17.00) | 8.00 (6.00–14.00) | 0.587 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 128.00 (120.00–142.00) | 130.00 (120.00–145.75) | 126.00 (120.00–135.00) | 0.339 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 78.00 (70.00–85.00) | 77.50 (70.00–85.00) | 78.00 (72.00–85.00) | 1.000 |
| HbA1c (%)a | 7.20 (6.50–8.00) | 6.75 (6.30–7.63) | 7.20 (6.55–9.25) | 0.263 |
| HbA1c ≥ 7%, n (%) | 18 (34.6) | 4 (19.0) | 14 (45.2) | 0.247 |
| FPG (mmol/L, 3.9–6.1*) | 8.88 (7.31–11.51) | 8.20 (6.77–11.00) | 9.00 (7.26–11.03) | 0.424 |
| 2 h-PG (mmol/L, <7.8*)b | 14.80 (11.34–16.38) | 11.46 (10.39–15.65) | 15.20 (13.30–18.60) | 0.053 |
| TC (mmol/L; <5.18*) | 3.71 (3.26–4.59) | 3.92 (2.82–4.62) | 3.71 (3.29–4.66) | 0.733 |
| TG (mmol/L; <1.7*) | 1.15 (0.88–1.68) | 1.26 (0.83–1.71) | 1.11 (0.87–1.64) | 0.655 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L; >1.04*) | 0.95 (0.75–1.21) | 0.82 (0.58–1.21) | 1.01 (0.80–1.26) | 0.436 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L; <3.37*) | 2.14 (1.63–2.80) | 1.95 (1.54–2.82) | 2.17 (1.76–2.78) | 0.524 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2; 90–120*) | 116.44 (75.53–140.91) | 112.77 (57.86–170.35) | 118.08 (77.07–138.02) | 0.861 |
| Proteinuria, n (%)c | 9 (17.3) | 5 (23.8) | 4 (12.9) | 0.457 |
eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Proteinuria defined as the urine protein qualitative test showed positive in the urine routine examination.
a data available in 31 patients;
b
data available in 20 patients;
c
data available in 29 patients;
*
Normal range.