Table 2.
Typical postsurgical outcome‐predictive nomograms for HCC reported in recent literature
| Author, year | Region | Patients, n a | Patient criteria | Variables recruited in nomogram | C‐index | External validation | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tumor factor | Liver/patient factor | Inflammatory factor | Surgical factor | ||||||
|
Cho [28] 2008 |
U.S. | 184 | BCLC 0‐C | Size, satellites, AFP, vascular invasion | Age | No |
Margin, estimated blood loss |
0.67 (RFS) 0.74 (OS) |
No |
|
Shim [29] 2015 |
Korea | 760 | BCLC 0‐B |
Tumor volume, MVI |
Age, platelet, albumin |
No | No |
0.69 (RFS) 0.66 (OS) |
No |
|
Li [30] 2015 |
China | 310 |
≥10 cm, single or multiple, or with PVTT |
Size, number, differentiation, vascular invasion, capsule | HBV‐DNA level | No | No | 0.78 (OS) | Yes, single center |
|
Yang [31] 2016 |
China | 540 | Multiple HCC | Size, number, MVI, capsule, local invasion, AFP | HBV‐DNA load, MELD score | No | Anatomic resection | 0.80 (OS) | Yes, single center |
|
Li [32] 2016 |
China |
1,328 |
Within Milan criteria |
Tumor number, size, capsule, AFP, MVI |
HBeAg, HBV‐DNA |
No | Surgical margin |
0.76 (RFS) 0.79 (OS) |
Yes, single center |
| Shen [33] 2016 | China | 618 | Single or multiple tumor, PVTT | Tumor number, size, PVTT, AFP, MVI | No | NLR | No |
0.75 (RFS) 0.75 (OS) |
No |
| Torzilli [34] 2016 | Eastern & Western Network | 2,046 | BCLC 0‐C |
Number, size, macrovascular invasion |
Cirrhosis, esophageal varices, total bilirubin | No | No |
0.61 (RFS) 0.62 (OS) |
No |
|
Fu [35] 2017 |
China | 734 | BCLC 0‐B |
Size, number, MVI, AFP |
GGT | No | No |
0.65 (RFS) 0.7 (OS) |
No |
|
Ma [36] 2019 |
Hong Kong | 291 | Within Milan criteria |
Number, MVI, AFP |
Prothrombin time |
No | Magnitude of hepatectomy |
0.67 (RFS) 0.67 (OS) |
No |
| Kim [37] 2019 | Korea | 420 |
HBV‐related, BCLC 0‐C |
Number, PVTT, PIVK‐II, satellites, hemorrhage |
Albumin, ALP |
No | Resection margin |
0.71 (RFS) 0.82 (OS) |
No |
| The present study | China | 811 | HBV‐related, solitary, ≤10 cm, no PVTT |
Size, MVI, AFP, differentiation |
ALBI grade | NLR | Blood transfusion |
0.83 (RFS) 0.87 (0S) |
Yes, four centers |
Number of patients in the derivation cohort.
Abbreviations: AFP, α‐fetoprotein; ALBI grade, albumin‐to‐bilirubin ratio; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; BCLC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging system; GGT, γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase; HBeAg, hepatitis B‐virus E antigen; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; MELD, model for end‐stage liver disease; MVI, microscopic vascular invasion; NLR, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio; OS, overall survival; PIVK‐II, protein induced by Vitamin K absence‐II; PVTT, portal venous tumor thrombus; RFS, recurrence‐free survival.