Table 2.

Hierarchical summary receiver‐operating characteristic summaries of ¹⁸F‐FES PET test accuracya

Hierarchical summary ROC model	No. of studiesb	Pooled no. of ER‐positive lesions	Sensitivity (95% confidence region)	Variation in sensitivity attributed to study heterogeneity (test of homogeneity)	Pooled no. of ER‐negative lesions	Specificity (95% confidence region)	Variation in specificity attributed to study heterogeneity (test of homogeneity)	Model area under the ROC curve
Metastatic lesions, IHC (primary analysis)	4	69	0.78 (0.65–0.88)	I2 = 46% $\left({\mathrm{{\rm X}}}_3^2=5.5,p=.14\right)$	44	0.98 (0.65–1)	I2 = 0% $\left({\mathrm{{\rm X}}}_3^2=1.2,p=.76\right)$	0.98
Breast lesions, IHC (secondary analysis 1)	3	60	0.86 (0.73–0.94)	I2 = 32% $\left({\mathrm{{\rm X}}}_2^2=2.9,p=.23\right)$	18	0.76 (0.52–0.90)	I2 = 0% $\left({\mathrm{{\rm X}}}_2^2=0.5,p=.78\right)$	0.87
Combined, IHC (secondary analysis 2)	7	143	0.83 (0.72–0.90)	I2 = 53% $\left({\mathrm{{\rm X}}}_6^2=12.7,p=.05\right)$	64	0.83 (0.64–0.93)	I2 = 35% $\left({\mathrm{{\rm X}}}_6^2=9.2,p=.16\right)$	0.89
Combined, all reference standards (secondary analysis 3)	11	211	0.81 (0.73–0.87)	I2 = 52% $\left({\mathrm{{\rm X}}}_{10}^2=20.8,p=.02\right)$	116	0.86 (0.68–0.94)	I2 = 78% $\left({\mathrm{{\rm X}}}_{10}^2=44.9,p<.001\right)$	0.89

^aA continuity correction of 0.1 was applied to all cells; random effects not fitted when sample size inadequate.

^bExcludes studies with no ER‐negative lesions (“Indeterminate” specificity in Table 1, although only one study is excluded from secondary analyses 2 and 3 for this reason—see Table 1 footnotes).

Abbreviations: ER, estrogen receptor; IHC, immunohistochemistry; ROC, receiver operating characteristic.