Table 1.
The baseline characteristics and laboratory findings at admission included in the predictive models
| Survivors (n = 115) | Non-survivors (n = 68) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline characteristics | |||
| Sex | |||
| Male | 57 (49.57) | 50 (73.53) | 0.002 |
| Female | 58 (50.43) | 18 (26.47) | |
| Age | 60.54 ± 13.19 | 68.44 ± 9.94 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | |||
| Yes | 21 (18.26) | 14 (20.59) | 0.848 |
| No | 94 (81.74) | 54 (79.41) | |
| Hypertension | |||
| Yes | 43 (37.39) | 30 (44.12) | 0.458 |
| No | 72 (62.61) | 38 (55.88) | |
| Lung disease | |||
| Yes | 5 (4.35) | 10 (14.71) | 0.030 |
| No | 109 (94.78) | 58 (85.29) | |
| No. of underlying conditions | |||
| <1 | 75 (65.22) | 41 (60.29) | 0.861 |
| ≥1 | 40 (34.78) | 27 (39.71) | |
| Signs and symptoms at disease onset | |||
| Diarrhoea | |||
| Yes | 38 (33.04) | 29 (42.65) | 0.253 |
| No | 77 (66.96) | 39 (57.35) | |
| Stomach ache | |||
| Yes | 16 (13.91) | 12 (17.65) | 0.642 |
| No | 99 (86.09) | 56 (82.35) | |
| Vomiting | |||
| Yes | 20 (17.39) | 12 (17.65) | 1.000 |
| No | 95 (82.61) | 56 (82.35) | |
| Anorexia | |||
| Yes | 22 (19.13) | 32 (47.06) | 0.019 |
| No | 82 (71.30) | 36 (52.94) | |
| Fever | |||
| Yes | 101 (87.83) | 60 (88.24) | 1.000 |
| No | 14 (12.17) | 8 (11.76) | |
| Dyspnoea | |||
| Yes | 36 (31.30) | 49 (72.06) | <0.001 |
| No | 79 (68.70) | 19 (27.94) | |
| Bilateral infection (chest CT image) | |||
| Yes | 78 (67.83) | 53 (77.94) | 0.142 |
| No | 0 (0.00) | 1 (1.47) | |
| First SARS-Cov2 nuclei acid test | |||
| Positive | 72 (62.61) | 42 (61.76) | 0.659 |
| Negative | 20 (17.39) | 15 (22.06) | |
| Cough | |||
| No cough | 23 (20.00) | 11 (16.18) | <0.001 |
| Dry cough | 68 (59.13) | 22 (32.35) | |
| Productive cough | 24 (20.87) | 35 (51.47) | |
| Vital signs on admission | |||
| Count of white cells, ×109/L | 5.43 (4.30, 7.00) | 8.01 (5.61, 11.36) | <0.001 |
| Count of lymphocytes, ×109/L | 1.13 (0.77, 1.45) | 0.56 (0.42, 0.75) | <0.001 |
| Count of monocytes, ×109/L | 0.42 (0.33, 0.57) | 0.35 (0.22, 0.57) | 0.025 |
| Count of red cells, ×1012/L | 4.10 (3.69, 4.48) | 4.26 (3.84, 4.64) | 0.084 |
| Count of platelets, ×109/L | 206 (160, 267) | 165.5 (122.5, 226.0) | 0.001 |
| Glucose, mmol/L | 5.73 (5.17, 7.00) | 7.44 (6.56, 9.43) | <0.001 |
| Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, mm/h | 28 (12, 53) | 47.0 (25.5, 66.5) | 0.003 |
| Alanine aminotransferase, U/L | 23 (14, 43) | 30.0 (19.5, 41.0) | 0.074 |
| Albumin, g/L | 35.20 (31.95, 39.35) | 31.4 (28.15, 34.10) | <0.001 |
| Total bilirubin, µmol/L | 9.30 (7.25, 12.40) | 13.05 (9.70, 19.00) | <0.001 |
| Alkaline phosphatase, U/L | 66 (53, 84) | 81.5 (57.5, 107.5) | 0.001 |
| γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase, U/L | 27.00 (18.00, 72.50) | 45.5 (26.0, 82.0) | 0.005 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 3.77 (3.22, 4.51) | 3.41 (2.97, 4.00) | 0.029 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L | 264.5 (211.0, 340.0) | 480.5 (418.0, 600.0) | <0.001 |
| Urea, mmol/L | 4.3 (3.5, 5.6) | 7.95 (5.75, 10.00) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine, µmol/L | 67 (58, 84) | 85.5 (69.0, 100.0) | <0.001 |
| Uric acid, µmol/L | 251 (196, 333) | 239.5 (181.0, 336.5) | 0.645 |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate, ml/min/1.73 | 93.35 (80.30, 102.80) | 77.85 (59.70, 90.85) | <0.001 |
| High sensitivity C-reactive protein, mg/L | 14.1 (2.8, 59.5) | 87.3 (62.0, 155.6) | <0.001 |
| Potassium, mmol/L | 4.17 (3.91, 4.55) | 4.42 (4.00, 5.06) | 0.011 |
| Sodium, mmol/L | 140.30 (137.25, 141.90) | 138.55 (136.05, 142.45) | 0.255 |
| Chlorine, mmol/L | 101.80 (99.15, 103.55) | 100.05 (97.70, 102.90) | 0.055 |
| Corrected calcium, mmol/L | 2.37 (2.28, 2.42) | 2.39 (2.36, 2.48) | 0.002 |
| Bicarbonate, mmol/L | 23.90 (22.35, 25.45) | 21.5 (19.2, 24.5) | <0.001 |
| Ferritin, µg/L | 578.15 (319.70, 1125.20) | 1508.3 (1054.0, 2456.7) | <0.001 |
| Interleukin 2 receptor, U/ml | 574.5 (379.5, 928.0) | 1137.5 (890.0, 1833.0) | <0.001 |
| Interleukin 6, pg/ml | 7.49 (2.14, 27.57) | 68.00 (18.66, 137.35) | <0.001 |
| Interleukin 8, pg/ml | 11.85 (6.95, 23.55) | 26.6 (16.0, 70.7) | <0.001 |
| Interleukin 10, pg/ml | 5.00 (5.00, 7.85) | 10.5 (6.4, 16.8) | <0.001 |
| Tumour necrosis factor α, pg/ml | 8.7 (6.8, 11.4) | 11.1 (8.0, 15.9) | 0.004 |
| Fibrinogen, g/L | 4.50 ± 1.44 | 5.38 ± 2.04 | 0.005 |
| Prothrombin time | 13.8 (13.2, 14.5) | 15.6 (14.0, 17.2) | <0.001 |
| d-dimer, µg/ml FEU | 0.94 (0.40, 1.44) | 2.70 (1.21, 21.00) | <0.001 |
| High-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, pg/ml | 4.5 (2.0, 8.8) | 24.40 (9.35, 103.70) | <0.001 |
| N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide | 98 (5, 1877) | 798 (176, 70000) | <0.001 |
| Interval,a (day) | 11 (9, 21) | 10.5 (7.0, 15.0) | 0.038 |
Categorical variables are shown in frequency (%). Continuous variables following normal or approximately normal distribution are shown in mean ± standard deviation. Continuous variables not following normal distribution are shown in median (interquartile range).
FEU, fibrinogen equivalent units.
a
The interval between date of first symptom and date of admission.