Table 2.
Baseline characteristics in relation to quartile groups of sACE2 levels in the ARISTOTLE cohort
| Soluble ACE2 (NPX) | (1.30–3.55) | (3.55–3.91) | (3.91–4.37) | (4.37–6.87) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients | (n = 1000) | (n = 1000) | (n = 1000) | (n = 999) |
| Age (years) | 69.0 (61.8–75.0) | 70.0 (62.8–76.0) | 70.5 (63.0–77.0) | 70.0 (63.0–76.0) |
| Gender: male | 51.2% (512) | 64.7% (647 | 67.0% (670) | 69.1% (691) |
| Race: Caucasian | 84.7% (847) | 84.1% (841) | 83.9% (839) | 82.3% (822) |
| Black | 0.8% (8) | 1.2% (12) | 1.1% (11) | 1.3% (13) |
| American Indian | 0.2% (2) | 0.4% (4) | 0.3% (3) | 0.0% (0) |
| Asian | 13.5% (135) | 12.7% (127) | 13.7% (137) | 14.7% (147) |
| Other | 0.8% (8) | 1.6% (16) | 1.0% (10) | 1.7% (17) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28.7 (25.4–33.1) [3] | 28.7 (25.4–32.7) [4] | 28.6 (25.4–32.3) [2] | 28.4 (25.3–32.4) [10] |
| Current smoker | 8.1% (81) | 8.2% (82) | 9.4% (94) | 9.6% (96) |
| Diabetes | 22.4% (224) | 22.7% (227) | 23.4% (234) | 31.3% (313) |
| Hypertension | 87.5% (875) | 88.8% (888) | 86.5% (865) | 87.9% (878) |
| Congestive heart failure | 26.2% (262) | 29.7% (297) | 31.8% (318) | 37.0% (370) |
| Prior myocardial infarction | 9.5% (95) | 13.5% (135) | 13.8% (138) | 15.0% (150) |
| Prior peripheral arterial disease | 3.9% (39) | 4.8% (48) | 5.3% (53) | 5.3% (53) |
| Prior stroke/TIA | 17.9% (179) | 19.1% (191) | 19.7% (197) | 16.9% (169) |
| Beta-blocker | 64.2% (642) | 66.7% (667) | 64.5% (645) | 70.7% (706) |
| Aspirin | 42.7% (427) | 40.6% (406) | 40.3% (403) | 43.1% (431) |
| Clopidogrel | 3.5% (35) | 3.1% (31) | 5.0% (50) | 3.8% (38) |
| Statin | 41.1% (411) | 39.7% (397) | 42.0% (420) | 42.4% (424) |
| ACE inhibitor (ACEi) | 47.9% (479) | 52.2% (522) | 50.0% (500) | 53.6% (535) |
| Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) | 22.7% (227) | 23.9% (239) | 22.4% (224) | 26.2% (262) |
| ACEi or ARB | 68.2% (682) | 73.0% (730) | 69.4% (694) | 75.9% (758) |
| Amiodarone | 17.1% (171) | 13.2% (132) | 12.2% (122) | 11.3% (113) |
| NT-proBNP (ng/L) | 538.0 (241.5–926.0) [1] | 645.0 (336.5–1119.0) [1] | 754.0 (418.0–1346.0) [1] | 915.0 (479.0–1673.0) [0] |
| hs-cTnT (ng/L) | 8.8 (6.3–13.1) | 10.3 (7.4–15.2) | 11.9 (8.0–17.4) | 13.1 (8.6–20.3) |
| GDF-15 (ng/L) | 1195.5 (827.8–1715.8) | 1258.5 (907.5–1852.8) | 1431.0 (1013.0–2104.8) | 1722.0 (1172.5–2546.5) |
| CRP (mg/L) | 2.0 (0.9–4.0) [1] | 2.0 (1.0–4.6) [2] | 2.5 (1.1–4.8) [1] | 2.4 (1.1–5.2) [0] |
| IL-6 (ng/L) | 2.1 (1.3–3.3) [0] | 2.2 (1.4–3.7) [0] | 2.3 (1.5–4.0) [0] | 2.8 (1.7–4.9) [1] |
| eGFR (CKD-EPI) (mL/min) | 59.3 (47.5–72.4) [0] | 56.2 (45.2–67.3) [0] | 55.1 (44.8–67.4) [0] | 55.5 (43.9–67.5) [1] |
| Cystatin C (mg/L) | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) [1] | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) [2] | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) [1] | 1.0 (0.9–1.3) [0] |
| D-dimer (μg/L) | 493.0 (326.0–809.0) [11] | 523.0 (327.0–812.0) [3] | 525.0 (329.0–895.5) [5] | 548.0 (353.8–907.2) [7] |
TIA, transient ischaemic attack; NT-proBNP, N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide; hs-cTnT, high-sensitive cardiac troponin T; GDF-15, growth differentiation factor 15; CRP, C-reactive protein; IL-6, interleukin-6; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; CKD-EPI, Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration.
Numbers in square brackets represent missing data.