Skip to main content
. 2020 Sep 12;6(4):207–228. doi: 10.1093/workar/waaa013
Women Without a College Degree
20–29 30–39 40–49 50–59 60–69 70+
Women With a College Degree or Above
20–29 30–39 40–49 50–59 60–69 70+
White women Retired 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 −1.9 0.0
Disabled 0.2 −0.2 0.4 −2.0 −1.3 0.3
NILF-other 7.9 2.6 4.6 2.8 2.1 0.1
Unemployed 12.4 9.7 7.5 7.2 5.0 1.3
Self-employed 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.8 0.5 0.2
Part-time, economic/unknown 0.0 1.1 0.8 0.9 1.3 0.5
Part-time, noneconomic −7.6 −4.6 −3.8 −3.6 −3.9 −1.8
Full-time −11.1 −8.0 −8.2 −5.1 −2.1 −0.3
Full-time, long hours −2.4 −0.9 −1.7 −0.9 0.2 −0.3
Black women Retired 1.2 −0.4 −0.7 −0.3 −1.5 2.2
Disabled 0.1 2.9 1.0 0.7 1.8 −1.1
NILF-other 6.1 2.1 7.4 7.7 −0.9 1.2
Unemployed 9.5 8.4 5.8 6.8 4.8 1.9
Self-employed 0.3 −0.7 0.3 1.3 1.0 0.0
Part-time, economic/unknown −1.6 −2.3 1.8 0.0 0.5 0.6
Part-time, noneconomic −0.7 −3.2 −2.1 −2.7 −1.2 −0.8
Full-time −14.4 −4.5 −13.1 −13.0 −2.9 −3.5
Full-time, long hours −0.5 −2.2 −0.4 −0.6 −1.6 −0.5
Hispanic women Retired 0.0 0.2 −0.3 −0.8 1.8 4.9
Disabled −0.7 −1.7 0.0 −2.4 0.8 −1.2
NILF-other 10.0 7.1 2.6 7.6 −2.7 0.0
Unemployed 11.0 7.3 8.7 11.5 4.0 3.1
Self-employed 0.6 1.0 0.7 −0.1 0.0 0.2
Part-time, economic/unknown −0.4 1.4 1.1 0.9 1.9 0.5
Part-time, noneconomic −7.3 −5.8 −3.8 −2.1 −3.4 −1.8
Full-time −12.8 −8.6 −8.3 −13.6 −3.0 −6.2
Full-time, long hours −0.5 −1.1 −0.6 −0.9 0.5 0.5
Asian women Retired −2.6 0.1 −2.6 −0.8 −2.9 8.6
Disabled −1.8 0.1 −3.6 0.8 1.9 −3.0
NILF-other −1.4 13.1 5.4 5.5 7.1 −2.6
Unemployed 10.5 9.1 14.2 16.1 6.3 0.1
Self-employed 0.7 2.0 0.6 0.7 3.3 0.0
Part-time, economic/unknown 2.2 1.0 1.2 4.2 −0.5 0.0
Part-time, noneconomic −2.6 −8.6 −0.7 −1.8 −7.3 −1.0
Full-time −5.2 −13.9 −11.8 −21.4 −8.3 −2.2
Full-time, long hours 0.2 −3.0 −2.8 −3.3 0.4 0.0
Women With a College Degree or Above
20–29 30–39 40–49 50–59 60–69 70+
White women Retired 0.0 0.1 −0.2 0.6 1.2 0.5
Disabled 0.3 −0.1 0.1 −0.3 0.5 −0.1
NILF-other 3.5 3.0 1.9 3.6 0.8 1.3
Unemployed 8.2 4.9 4.4 5.3 4.8 1.3
Self-employed 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.8 0.0 0.0
Part-time, economic/unknown 1.1 1.0 0.3 −0.1 0.4 0.4
Part-time, noneconomic −2.1 −3.0 −3.7 −3.4 −4.8 −2.7
Full-time −7.9 −3.7 −0.6 −3.5 −2.8 −0.3
Full-time, long hours −3.3 −2.5 −2.3 −2.9 −0.1 −0.4
Black Women Retired 0.3 0.8 −2.7 −3.2 4.8 −0.2
Disabled 0.1 −1.2 1.6 −0.3 −2.3 −1.5
NILF-other 10.8 3.6 1.9 2.8 0.8 1.9
Unemployed 2.1 6.3 4.3 4.1 −0.1 1.1
Self-employed −0.5 −1.0 −1.7 −0.7 −0.8 0.0
Part-time, economic/unknown 0.8 −0.5 0.6 1.3 −1.1 0.0
Part-time, noneconomic −1.0 −1.1 0.0 −1.4 −2.5 −4.3
Full-time −4.9 −4.9 −2.3 −5.3 0.1 3.9
Full-time, long hours −7.7 −2.0 −1.7 2.7 1.0 −0.9
Hispanic Women Retired 0.0 −0.6 −0.8 −1.0 −6.4 3.8
Disabled 0.1 0.6 1.2 −2.3 −4.8 −1.3
NILF-other 9.5 3.9 −0.7 7.1 3.9 4.3
Unemployed 11.4 3.1 7.0 9.0 9.2 −0.5
Self-employed 0.0 −0.1 0.4 2.0 0.0 2.8
Part-time, economic/unknown −1.3 −0.5 −0.9 −0.2 0.9 0.5
Part-time, noneconomic −0.8 −0.3 −1.7 −2.7 −3.2 −4.2
Full-time −14.4 −8.9 −5.6 −10.7 −0.9 −4.0
Full-time, long hours −4.4 2.7 1.1 −1.2 1.5 −1.5
Asian Women Retired 0.5 −0.7 0.6 −3.3 1.7 6.1
Disabled 0.0 −0.3 0.5 1.0 −2.9 3.1
NILF-other −0.6 −0.2 −2.3 −0.1 1.3 −4.0
Unemployed 6.0 1.9 2.6 8.1 −1.5 −0.3
Self-employed 0.0 0.7 −0.3 0.7 −2.0 0.0
Part-time, economic/unknown −0.9 −0.3 2.0 1.9 −3.3 0.0
Part-time, noneconomic −1.6 −0.7 −2.0 −3.8 −3.1 −1.2
Full-time −2.9 −2.3 −1.8 −2.4 11.8 −1.7
Full-time, long hours −0.5 1.9 0.6 −2.0 −1.9 −2.1

Note. NILF-other = not in the labor force for other reasons.