Table 1.
List of specimens investigated using the O. lupi/O. volvulus real-time PCR duplex assay
| Patient number | DNA number | Parasite | Origin,* year | Sample type‡ | Additional information‡ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | O. lupi | AZ, 2014 | FFPE | Human nodule biopsy† |
| 2 | 2 | O. lupi | TX/NM/CO, 2014 | FFPE | Human nodule biopsy† |
| 3 | O. lupi | TX/NM/CO, 2014 | FFPE | Human nodule biopsy† | |
| 3 | 4 | O. lupi | AZ, 2014 | FFPE | Human nodule biopsy† |
| 4 | 5 | O. lupi | NM/CO, 2014 | FFPE | Human nodule biopsy† |
| 5 | 6 | O. lupi | AZ/UT, 2014 | FFPE | Human nodule biopsy† |
| 2 | 7 | O. lupi | TX/NM/CO, 2014 | FFPE | Human nodule biopsy† |
| 6 | 8 | O. lupi | NM, 2019 | FFPE | Human nodule biopsy† |
| 7 | 9 | O. lupi | NM, 2019 | FFPE | Human nodule biopsy† |
| 8 | 10 | O. lupi | AZ, 2017 | FFPE | Human nodule biopsy† |
| 9 | 11 | O. lupi | TX, 2014 | Worm | – |
| 10 | 12 | O. volvulus | Chad, NA | Worm | Adult O. volvulus† |
| 11 | 13 | O. volvulus | Chad, NA | Worm | Adult O. volvulus† |
| 12 | 14 | O. volvulus | Chad, NA | Worm | Adult O. volvulus† |
| 13 | 15 | O. volvulus | DRC, NA | Worm | Adult O. volvulus† |
| 14 | 16 | O. volvulus | Ethiopia, NA | Worm | Adult O. volvulus† |
| 15 | 17 | O. volvulus | S. Sudan, NA | Worm | Adult O. volvulus† |
| 16 | 18 | Negative | AZ, 2015 | Fresh tissue | Human nodule biopsy |
| 17 | 19 | Negative | French Polynesia, 2016 | Blood | Human blood |
| 18 | 20 | Negative | S. Sudan, 2017 | FFPE | Human nodule biopsy |
| 21 | Negative | S. Sudan, 2017 | FFPE | Human nodule biopsy | |
| 22 | Negative | S. Sudan, 2017 | FFPE | Human nodule biopsy | |
| NA | 23–33 | Negative human DNA | USA, 2019 | Fresh tissue | Human skin biopsy |
| NA | 34 | Wuchereria bancrofti | CDC collection | FFPE | Filaria, worm† |
| NA | 35 | Brugia malayi | CDC collection | FFPE | Filaria, worm† |
| NA | 36 | Dirofilaria immitis | CDC collection | Fresh tissue | Filaria, adult worm |
| NA | 37 | Trichuris sp. | CDC collection | Fresh tissue | Nematode, adult worm |
| NA | 38 | Trichinella nativa | CDC collection | Fresh tissue | Nematode, larvae |
| NA | 39 | Trichinella spiralis | CDC collection | Fresh tissue | Nematode, larvae |
| NA | 40 | Trichinella murrelli | CDC collection | Fresh tissue | Nematode, larvae |
| NA | 41 | Trichinella T6 | CDC collection | Fresh tissue | Nematode, larvae |
| NA | 42 | Anisakis simplex | CDC collection | Fresh tissue | Nematode, larva |
| NA | 43 | Taenia solium | CDC collection | FFPE | Cestode, tapeworm |
| NA | 44 | Paragonimus mexicanus | CDC collection | FFPE | Trematode, adult worm |
| NA | 45 | Halicephalobus gingivalis | CDC collection | FFPE | Nematode-free living |
FFPE = formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded; O. lupi = Onchocerca lupi; O. volvulus = Onchocerca volvulus. Twenty-two samples from the United States and Africa characterized by microscopy analysis and 23 non–Onchocerca-related specimens from the United States.
AZ = Arizona; TX = Texas; NM = New Mexico; CO = Colorado; UT = Utah; NA = not applicable. Specimens 2, 3, and 7 are from a patient from Texas with a travel history to New Mexico and Colorado; specimen 5 is from a patient from New Mexico with a travel history to Colorado; specimen 6 is from a patient from Arizona with a travel history to Utah.
Nodule biopsies (fresh or FFPE samples) may have included adult worms and microfilariae.
DNA 1–22 were obtained from 18 suspect onchocerciasis clinical cases, and DNA 2, 3, and 7 and DNA 20, 21, and 22 were extracted from two patients. DNA 23–33 were obtained from non–helminths-related clinical cases.