Table 3.
Variables associated with types of toilets
| Safely managed | Basic | Limited | Unimproved | Open defecation | P-value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | f (%) | n | f (%) | n | f (%) | n | f (%) | n | f (%) | |||
| Head of household | Male-headed household | 263 | 68.7 | 12 | 3.1 | 23 | 6 | 73 | 19.1 | 12 | 3.1 | 0.934 (χ2 = 0.835) |
| Female-headed household | 67 | 65 | 4 | 3.9 | 8 | 7.8 | 20 | 19.4 | 4 | 3.9 | ||
| Education level | No formal education | 32 | 69.6 | 1 | 2.2 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 21.7 | 3 | 6.5 | 0.04 (χ2 = 16.204) |
| Primary education | 196 | 67.8 | 6 | 2.1 | 24 | 8.3 | 53 | 18.3 | 10 | 3.5 | ||
| Secondary education and above | 48 | 80 | 4 | 6.7 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 8.3 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Marital status | Single | 35 | 72.9 | 2 | 4.2 | 4 | 8.3 | 7 | 14.6 | 0 | 0 | 0.061 (χ2 = 20.31) |
| Married/cohabiting | 248 | 69.3 | 11 | 3.1 | 20 | 5.6 | 70 | 19.6 | 9 | 2.5 | ||
| Divorced/separated | 16 | 48.5 | 2 | 6.1 | 5 | 15.2 | 6 | 18.2 | 4 | 12.1 | ||
| Widow | 31 | 66 | 1 | 2.1 | 2 | 4.3 | 10 | 21.3 | 3 | 6.4 | ||
| Wealth quantile | High | 250 | 72.3 | 7 | 2 | 26 | 7.5 | 52 | 15 | 11 | 3.2 | 0.006 (χ2 = 21.43) |
| Second/third | 3 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 50 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Fourth | 24 | 53.3 | 4 | 8.9 | 1 | 2.2 | 14 | 31.1 | 2 | 4.4 | ||
| Residence ownership | Privately owned house | 287 | 69.5 | 13 | 3.1 | 7 | 1.7 | 91 | 22 | 15 | 3.6 | 0.00 (χ2 = 143.31) |
| Relative house | 16 | 84.2 | 1 | 5.3 | 1 | 5.3 | 0 | – | 1 | 5.3 | ||
| Rental house | 27 | 50 | 2 | 3.7 | 23 | 42.6 | 2 | 3.7 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Source of water | Borehole | 20 | 54.1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2.7 | 14 | 37.8 | 2 | 5.4 | 0.00 (χ2 = 71.86) |
| Buy from vendors | 20 | 60.6 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 12 | 36.4 | 0 | 0 | ||
| River/canal/spring | 28 | 57.1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 32.7 | 4 | 8.2 | ||
| Other sources | 136 | 68.3 | 5 | 2.5 | 7 | 3.5 | 43 | 21.6 | 8 | 4 | ||
| Connected to the water supply system | 126 | 75 | 10 | 6 | 22 | 13.1 | 8 | 4.8 | 2 | 1.2 | ||
| Family size | 1–4 | 105 | 60.7 | 4 | 2.3 | 17 | 9.8 | 39 | 22.5 | 8 | 4.6 | 0.06 (χ2 = 14.94) |
| 5–8 | 192 | 70.1 | 11 | 4.0 | 14 | 5.1 | 49 | 17.9 | 8 | 2.9 | ||
| 9 and above | 33 | 84.6 | 1 | 2.6 | 0 | – | 5 | 12.8 | 0 | – | ||
| Income (USD) | 49 and below | 109 | 63.4 | 3 | 1.7 | 10 | 5.8 | 43 | 25 | 7 | 4.1 | 0.44 (χ2 = 16.18) |
| 50–99 | 77 | 66.4 | 5 | 4.3 | 10 | 8.6 | 20 | 17.2 | 4 | 3.4 | ||
| 100–149 | 34 | 70.8 | 2 | 4.2 | 3 | 6.3 | 8 | 16.7 | 1 | 2.1 | ||
| 150–199 | 16 | 84.2 | 0 | – | 1 | 5.3 | 2 | 10.5 | 0 | 0 | ||
| 200 and above | 34 | 82.9 | 2 | 4.9 | 1 | 2.4 | 4 | 9.8 | 0 | 0 | ||