Table 1. Descriptive statistics of women who had given last live birth at hospitals during the last five years preceding the survey, NFHS-4, India.
| Continuous variables | ||||||
| Variables | Sample | Mean | Std. Dev. | Min | Max | |
| Mother’s age | 146280 | 25.40 | 4.84 | 12.92 | 48.58 | |
| Birth order | 146280 | 2.16 | 1.32 | 1.00 | 15.00 | |
| Number of ANC visits | 146280 | 4.83 | 4.61 | 0.00 | 30.00 | |
| Mother’s years of education | 146280 | 7.32 | 5.11 | 0.00 | 20.00 | |
| Wealth index | 146280 | 6558.08 | 96806.15 | -231915.00 | 290981.00 | |
| Categorical variables | ||||||
| Unweighted | Weighted | |||||
| Variables | Sample | Per cent | CS rate | Sample | Per cent | CS rate |
| Weight at birth | ||||||
| 2500–3999 g | 107,137 | 73.2 | 20.3 | 107,904 | 73.4 | 24.2 |
| <2500 g | 22,530 | 15.4 | 21.6 | 23,510 | 16 | 25.1 |
| >4000 g | 4,876 | 3.3 | 27.1 | 4,591 | 3.1 | 29.5 |
| Not weighted | 11,737 | 8 | 10.7 | 10,997 | 7.5 | 9.7 |
| BMI | ||||||
| Normal | 89,728 | 61.4 | 18 | 87,680 | 59.7 | 21.2 |
| Underweight | 31,813 | 21.8 | 12.1 | 32,957 | 22.4 | 14.7 |
| Overweight | 19,576 | 13.4 | 34.7 | 20,585 | 14 | 39.2 |
| Obese | 5,115 | 3.5 | 46.9 | 5,706 | 3.9 | 50.4 |
| Missing | 48 | 74 | ||||
| Health insurance | ||||||
| No | 124,332 | 85 | 19.5 | 123,010 | 83.7 | 22 |
| Yes | 21,948 | 15 | 22.6 | 23,993 | 16.3 | 30.7 |
| Place of residence | ||||||
| Rural | 104,941 | 71.7 | 16.3 | 99,098 | 67.4 | 18.7 |
| Urban | 41,339 | 28.3 | 29.1 | 47,904 | 32.6 | 33.2 |
| Caste group | ||||||
| Others | 35,563 | 24.3 | 27.8 | 37,955 | 25.8 | 29.8 |
| Other Backward Class (OBC) | 59,383 | 40.6 | 19.6 | 65,078 | 44.3 | 23.2 |
| Scheduled Caste (SC) | 27,292 | 18.7 | 16.9 | 30,842 | 21 | 20.1 |
| Scheduled Tribe (ST) | 24,042 | 16.4 | 12.7 | 13,127 | 9 | 13.6 |
| Breech presentation | ||||||
| No | 128,417 | 87.8 | 19.4 | 126,743 | 86.2 | 23.1 |
| Yes | 17,863 | 12.2 | 24.3 | 20,259 | 13.8 | 25.3 |
| Place of ANC visits | ||||||
| No ANC/at home | 25,647 | 17.5 | 13.0 | 26,739 | 18.2 | 15 |
| Only public hospitals | 77,741 | 53.2 | 15.2 | 69,162 | 47.1 | 17.2 |
| Only private hospitals | 31,647 | 21.6 | 34.4 | 38,615 | 26.3 | 37.8 |
| Public & private hospitals | 11,245 | 7.7 | 27.9 | 12,486 | 8.5 | 31.3 |
| Regions | ||||||
| North India | 49,697 | 34 | 18.5 | 41,661 | 28.3 | 17.4 |
| South India | 18,779 | 12.8 | 36.3 | 32,191 | 22 | 39.5 |
| West India | 12,144 | 8.3 | 21.3 | 21,541 | 14.7 | 23.3 |
| Central India | 18,898 | 12.9 | 12.7 | 13,087 | 9 | 13 |
| East India | 28,159 | 19.3 | 16 | 33,486 | 22.8 | 20 |
| North-east India | 18,603 | 12.7 | 19.9 | 5,037 | 3.4 | 21.4 |
| All | 146,280 | 100 | 20 | 147,002 | 100 | 23.4 |
Source: Computed from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), 2015–16.