Table 2. Estimated path’s coefficients of exogenous and endogenous variables using generalised structural equation modelling.
| Variables | Coefficients | p-value | [95% Conf. Interval] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dependent variable: CS Delivery | |||
| Continuous variables | |||
| Mother’s age | 0.06 | <0.0001 | 0.06–0.06 |
| Birth order | -0.43 | <0.0001 | -0.45–0.41 |
| Number of ANC visits | 0.03 | <0.0001 | 0.02–0.03 |
| Mother’s years of education | 0.01 | <0.0001 | 0.00–0.01 |
| Wealth index | 1.27 | <0.0001 | 1.04–1.50 |
| Weight at birth | |||
| 2500–3999 g® | |||
| <2500 g | 0.21 | <0.0001 | 0.17–0.25 |
| >4000 g | 0.46 | <0.0001 | 0.39–0.54 |
| Not weighted | -0.22 | <0.0001 | -0.29–0.15 |
| Health insurance | |||
| No® | |||
| Yes | 0.08 | <0.0001 | 0.04–0.12 |
| Place of residence | |||
| Rural® | |||
| Urban | 0.09 | <0.0001 | 0.06–0.13 |
| Caste group | |||
| Others® | |||
| Other Backward Class (OBC) | -0.31 | <0.0001 | -0.35–0.28 |
| Scheduled Caste (SC) | -0.19 | <0.0001 | -0.23–0.14 |
| Scheduled Tribe (ST) | -0.51 | <0.0001 | -0.56–0.46 |
| Breech presentation | |||
| No® | |||
| Yes | 0.09 | <0.0001 | 0.04–0.13 |
| BMI | |||
| Normal® | |||
| Underweight | -0.22 | <0.0001 | -0.26–0.18 |
| Overweight | 0.51 | <0.0001 | 0.47–0.55 |
| Obese | 0.89 | <0.0001 | 0.83–0.96 |
| Place of ANC visits | |||
| No ANC/at home® | |||
| Only public hospitals | 0.19 | <0.0001 | 0.14–0.24 |
| Only private hospitals | 0.09 | <0.0010 | 0.04–0.14 |
| Public & private hospitals | 0.31 | <0.0001 | 0.25–0.38 |
| Place of delivery | |||
| Public hospitals® | |||
| Private hospitals | 1.31 | <0.0001 | 1.27–1.34 |
| Regions | |||
| North India® | |||
| South India | 0.68 | <0.0001 | 0.63–0.72 |
| West India | -0.18 | <0.0001 | -0.23–0.12 |
| Central India | -0.06 | <0.0340 | -0.11–0.00 |
| East India | 0.26 | <0.0001 | 0.21–0.30 |
| North-east India | 0.34 | <0.0001 | 0.29–0.40 |
| Endogenous variable: Place of delivery | |||
| Continuous variables | |||
| Mother’s years of education | 0.03 | <0.0001 | 0.02–0.03 |
| Wealth index | 5.57 | <0.0001 | 5.35–5.79 |
| Health insurance | |||
| No® | |||
| Yes | -0.03 | <0.2470 | -0.07–0.02 |
| Place of residence | |||
| Rural® | |||
| Urban | 0.13 | <0.0001 | 0.10–0.16 |
| Caste group | |||
| Others® | |||
| Other Backward Caste (OBC) | 0.13 | <0.0001 | 0.09–0.16 |
| Scheduled Caste (SC) | -0.18 | <0.0001 | -0.23–0.14 |
| Scheduled Tribe (ST) | -0.32 | <0.0001 | -0.37–0.26 |
| Place of ANC visits | |||
| No ANC/at home® | |||
| Only public hospitals | -1.09 | <0.0001 | -1.13–1.05 |
| Only private hospitals | 1.72 | <0.0001 | 1.68–1.76 |
| Public & private hospitals | 0.60 | <0.0001 | 0.55–0.65 |
| Regions | |||
| North India® | |||
| South India | 0.28 | <0.0001 | 0.23–0.32 |
| West India | 0.78 | <0.0001 | 0.73–0.83 |
| Central India | -0.68 | <0.0001 | -0.73–0.62 |
| East India | -0.01 | <0.5460 | -0.06–0.03 |
| North-east India | -0.28 | <0.0001 | -0.33–0.22 |
® = Reference category.
Source: Computed from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), 2015–16.