Table 1.

Summary of behavioral effects in male and female C57BL/6J mice.

Behavior	Modulator	Dose	+ Apremilast	+ Apremilast + H-89	+ SCS a
Ethanol intake	Ethanol		↓ b
LORR duration	Ethanol	3.6 g/kg	↑ b	↓	↓
	Gaboxadol Non-specific	55 mg/kg	↑	↓
	Etomidate β2-β3 specific	25 and 50 mg/kg	=
	Propofol Non β-specific	120 mg/kg	↑	↓	=
	Diazepam α3/2/1/5 γ2	50 mg/kg	↓	↑	↓
	Zolpidem Non-specific	60 mg/kg	↑
Rotarod recovery	Ethanol	2 g/kg	→ b	←	←
	Gaboxadol α4 δ specific	10 mg/kg	=
	Etomidate β2-β3 specific	10 mg/kg	=
	Etomidate β2-β3 specific	15 mg/kg			=
	Propofol Non β-specific	30 mg/kg	→	←	=
	Diazepam α3/2/1/5 γ2	6 mg/kg	←	→	←
	Zolpidem α1γ2-specific	5 mg/kg	→
	Loreclezole β2-β3 specific	60 mg/kg	→

Effects of apremilast (20 mg/kg), apremilast (20 mg/kg) + PKA inhibitor H-89 (10 mg/kg), or a β1-specific antagonist salicylidene salicylhydrazide (SCS, 40 mg/kg) on ethanol- and GABAergic-mediated behaviors are summarized as follows: = no change from saline control; ↑ (increased) or ↓ (decreased) response from saline control; → (longer) or ← (shorter) recovery from rotarod ataxia compared with saline control. GABAergic drugs have subunit-specific or non-specific actions depending on the dose. Etomidate mediates ataxia mainly through β2-containing receptors.

^aResults are from male mice only.

^bResults are from (Blednov et al., 2018b). LORR, loss of the righting reflex.