Appendix B.

Description of measures completed by caregiver participants.

Stress Domain (based on the stress process model; Pearlin et al., 1990)	Variable	Description	Source
Background and Context	Demographics	Self-report items assessing age, gender, race, marital status, highest level of education, and socioeconomic status	Pearlin et al. (1990)
Primary Stressors: Objective	Cognitive Status	Assesses cognitive impairment in care-recipient and their level of difficulty in carrying out specific tasks	Pearlin et al. (1990)
Primary Stressors: Objective	Problematic Behaviors	Frequency of problematic behaviors exhibited by the care-recipient over the past week	Pearlin et al. (1990)
Primary Stressors: Objective	Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)	Assesses care-recipients ability to carry out functions such as bathing, dressing, and feeding	Katz et al. (1963)
Primary Stressors: Objective	Lawton and Brody’s Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) Scale	Assesses care-recipients ability to carry out complex activities such as grocery shopping, food preparation, and financial management	Lawton and Brody (1969)
Primary Stressors: Subjective	Caregiver Overload	Assesses caregivers’ energy level and amount of time it takes to complete daily activities	Pearlin et al. (1990)
Primary Stressors: Subjective	Relational Deprivation	Assesses loss related to intimacy exchange and activity deprivation due to care-recipient’s illness	Pearlin et al. (1990)
Secondary Stressors: Role Strain	Family Conflict	Assesses level of disagreement within the family due to the seriousness/safety of the care-recipient, family members’ attitudes toward the care-recipient, and family members’ attitudes toward the caregiver	Pearlin et al. (1990)
Secondary Stressors: Role Strain	Financial Strain	Assessed via 3 items asking caregivers to report how their total household income has changed compared to prior to the onset of care, how their monthly expenses have changed since the onset of care, and how finances work out at the end of the month	Pearlin et al. (1990)
Secondary Stressors: Role Strain	Occupational Strain	Assesses conflict in providing care and maintaining employment	Pearlin et al. (1990)
Secondary Stressors: Role Strain	Modified Caregiver Strain Index	Assesses strain/burn related to caregiving responsibilities across five domains: employment, financial, physical, social, and time	Thornton and Travis (2003)
Secondary Stressors: Intrapsychic Strain	Role Captivity	Assesses the extent to which caregivers feel trapped as a result of their role	Pearlin et al. (1990)
Secondary Stressors: Intrapsychic Strain	Loss of Self	Assesses loss of identity due to caregiving role	Pearlin et al. (1990)
Domain	Variable	Description	Source
Depression	Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale	Self-report questionnaire assessing depressive symptoms within the past week	Radloff (1977)
Social Support	ENRICHD Social Support Inventory	Questionnaire assessing perceived availability of emotional, informational, and practical support.	Mitchell et al. (2003)
Coping	Cope Inventory	Self-report questionnaire asking participants to report how they cope in stressful situations	Carver et al. (1989)
Perceived Stress	Perceived Stress Scale	Questionnaire assessing situational stress appraisal within the past month	Cohen et al. (1983)
Working Memory	N-back Test	Decide whether presented letter is the same as 2- or 3- trials back	Kirchner (1958), Stoet (2010, 2017)
Episodic Memory (immediate and delayed recall)	WMS-III Word-Recall Subtest	Number of words recalled across 5 trials of a word list	Wechsler (1997)
Attention	Stroop Color-Word Interference Test	Respond to color of ink that word is printed in	Stoet (2010, 2017)
Processing Speed	WAIS-IV Digit Symbol Test	Use a code legend to indicate the correct symbol underneath each digit	Weschler (2008)
Processing Speed	Pattern Comparison	Make same/different judgments of pairs of line patterns	Salthouse and Babcock (1991)
Processing Speed	Letter Comparison	Make same/different judgments of pairs of letter strings	Salthouse and Babcock (1991)
Executive Functioning	Connections	Connect circles in order (e.g., numerical order, alphabetical order, alternating between numerical and alphabetical order, and alternating between alphabetical and numerical order)	Salthouse et al. (2000)
Visuospatial Processing	Mental Rotation Task	Choose rotated stimulus that matches target stimulus	Shephard and Metzler (1971), Stoet (2010, 2017)
Implicit Memory	Word-Stem Completion Task	Phase I (study phase): Read word-list, construct visual image of each word, and rate the pleasantness of the image. Phase II (test phase): fill in word-stems	Roediger et al. (1991)