Table 3.
ANCOVA results controlling for perceived stress (n = 94).
| Caregivers |
Control participants |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measure | M | Adjusted M | SD | M | Adjusted M | SD | F | p | Partial Eta Squared | d |
| Working Memory | ||||||||||
| N-Back: 2-Back Condition | ||||||||||
| Percentage of items wrongly reported | 1.57 | 1.57 | 0.29 | 1.25 | 1.25 | 0.35 | 20.12 | 0.00 | 0.21 | .99 |
| Perceived Stress | 0.22 | 0.64 | 0.003 | |||||||
| Number of items correctly identified | 0.93 | 0.93 | 0.31 | 1.17 | 1.17 | 0.17 | 19.14 | 0.00 | 0.18 | −.95 |
| Perceived Stress | 0.06 | 0.80 | 0.001 | |||||||
| Average reaction time | 1403.92 | 1413.39 | 334.67 | 1118.80 | 1109.33 | 297.36 | 21.46 | 0.00 | 0.19 | .96 |
| Perceived Stress | 2.84 | 0.09 | 0.03 | |||||||
| N-Back: 3-Back Condition | ||||||||||
| Percentage of items wrongly reported | 1.40 | 1.40 | 0.37 | 1.21 | 1.22 | 0.30 | 6.38 | 0.01 | 0.07 | .53 |
| Perceived Stress | 0.13 | 0.72 | 0.001 | |||||||
| Number of items correctly identified | 1.06 | 1.06 | 0.22 | 1.18 | 1.18 | 0.09 | 12.11 | 0.001 | 0.12 | −.71 |
| Perceived Stress | 1.15 | 0.29 | 0.01 | |||||||
| Average reaction time | 1188.55 | 1192.00 | 337.26 | 963.60 | 960.15 | 244.48 | 14.05 | 0.00 | 0.13 | .78 |
| Perceived Stress | 0.42 | 0.52 | 0.005 | |||||||
| Episodic Memory | ||||||||||
| WMS-III Word-Recall Subtest (Sum of Trials 1–4) | 29.26 | 29.10 | 6.56 | 35.51 | 35.70 | 4.51 | 31.57 | 0.00 | 0.26 | −1.17 |
| Perceived Stress | 2.46 | 0.12 | 0.03 | |||||||
| WMS-III Word-Recall Subtest Intrusions (Sum of Trials 1–4) | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.24 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.28 | 0.37 | 0.55 | 0.01 | .19 |
| Perceived Stress | 0.002 | 0.97 | 0.00 | |||||||
| Attention | ||||||||||
| Stroop Test | 2.13 | 2.12 | 0.24 | 2.01 | 2.02 | 0.37 | 2.41 | 0.12 | 0.03 | .32 |
| Perceived Stress | 0.34 | 0.56 | 0.004 | |||||||
| Processing Speed | ||||||||||
| Pattern Comparison | 34.17 | 34.33 | 8.59 | 43.45 | 43.30 | 7.09 | 29.60 | 0.00 | 0.25 | −1.13 |
| Perceived Stress | 1.30 | 0.26 | 0.01 | |||||||
| Letter Comparison | 23.26 | 23.23 | 6.01 | 29.55 | 29.60 | 5.33 | 28.15 | 0.00 | 0.24 | −1.12 |
| Perceived Stress | 0.05 | 0.82 | 0.001 | |||||||
| Digit Symbol | 54.80 | 54.82 | 12.39 | 66.23 | 66.17 | 10.66 | 21.79 | 0.00 | 0.19 | −.98 |
| Perceived Stress | 0.08 | 0.77 | 0.001 | |||||||
| Executive Functioning | ||||||||||
| Connections | 0.53 | 0.53 | 0.17 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.12 | 4.70 | 0.03 | 0.05 | −.47 |
| Perceived Stress | 0.03 | 0.85 | 0.00 | |||||||
| Visuospatial Processing | ||||||||||
| Mental Rotation: Percent Correct | 79.62 | 79.55 | 7.95 | 83.32 | 83.45 | 6.63 | 6.20 | 0.01 | 0.06 | −.53 |
| Perceived Stress | 0.23 | 0.63 | 0.003 | |||||||
| Mental Rotation: Average reaction time | 3.55 | 3.55 | 0.17 | 3.52 | 3.51 | 0.17 | 1.32 | 0.25 | 0.01 | .23 |
| Perceived Stress | 3.00 | 0.09 | 0.03 | |||||||
| Implicit Memory | ||||||||||
| Word-Stem Completion Test | 10.47 | 10.42 | 3.79 | 11.17 | 11.22 | 4.06 | 0.93 | 0.34 | 0.01 | −.20 |
| Corrected Model | 0.58 | 0.56 | 0.01 | |||||||
| Perceived Stress | 0.42 | 0.52 | 0.01 | |||||||
d = Cohen’s d. Bolded p-values indicate significance.