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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Oct 14.
Published in final edited form as: J Mater Chem B. 2020 Aug 4;8(38):8713–8747. doi: 10.1039/d0tb01456g

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5

Polydopamine and whole proteins for improving soft tissue healing around dental implants. (A) Schematic of surface modification of Ti–6Al–4V (Ti). Polished titanium was first coated by a poly-dopamine (PDA) film by self-polymerization of dopamine; then, type I collagen was bonded with the PDA film via a Michael addition or Schiff base reaction. The possible structure of PDA and mechanism of the reaction between PDA and collagen is shown. (B) Adhesion of fibroblasts on (from left to right) Ti, Ti-PDA, and Ti-PDA-Col after 1 day of culture; fluorescent micrographs stained with vinculin in green, actin in red, and nuclei in blue. (C) Fibroblast surface density, vinculin intensity, and cell spreading area after 1 day of culture. (D) Histological (H&E) analysis of the biopsy of the capsule surrounding indicated samples after 30 days of implantation in rats and quantification. Reprinted with permission from ref. 231 (2019) The Royal Society of Chemistry.