Table 2.

Rates and relative risks of hypertension according to categories of walking volume and speed at baseline (N=83,435).

Exposure	HTN cases (rate*)	HR (95% CI)
		Model 1	Model 2	Model 2†	Model 3	Model 4	Model 5
Walking Volume (MET-hr/wk)
0 (n=24,253)	11,619 (45.8)	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
>0–3.5 (n=16,122)	7,549 (44.0)	0.95 (0.93–0.98)	0.98 (0.95–1.01)	---	0.97 (0.94–1.00)	0.98 (0.95–1.01)	0.98 (0.95–1.01)
3.6–7.5 (n=22,791)	10,343 (41.6)	0.90 (0.88–0.93)	0.95 (0.92–0.97)	---	0.96 (0.93–0.99)	0.98 (0.95–1.01)	0.97 (0.95–1.00)
> 7.5 (n=20,269)	8,719 (38.0)	0.83 (0.81–0.86)	0.89 (0.87–0.92)	---	0.91 (0.88–0.93)	0.95 (0.92–0.98)	0.93 (0.91–0.96)
P trend	---	<0.001	<0.001	---	<0.001	0.036	0.001
Walking Speed (mph)
<2 (n=8,971)	4,389 (51.1)	1.08 (1.04–1.11)	1.07 (1.03–1.10)	1.08 (1.04–1.12)	1.06 (1.02–1.09)	1.05 (1.01–1.09)	1.05 (1.01–1.09)
2–3 (n=29,782)	13,680 (42.3)	0.91 (0.88–0.93)	0.95 (0.92–0.97)	0.96 (0.93–0.98)	0.95 (0.92–0.97)	0.97 (0.95–1.00)	0.97 (0.95–1.00)
3–4 (n=19,305)	8,124 (35.9)	0.80 (0.78–0.83)	0.86 (0.84–0.89)	0.86 (0.83–0.89)	0.89 (0.86–0.92)	0.93 (0.90–0.95)	0.90 (0.87–0.93)
>4 (n=1,124)	418 (30.1)	0.71 (0.64–0.78)	0.79 (0.71–0.87)	0.77 (0.69–0.85)	0.81 (0.74–0.90)	0.89 (0.81–0.99)	0.84 (0.76–0.93)
P trend	---	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

Abbreviations as in Table 1.

^*Incidence rate, number of cases/ 1000 person-years.

Model 1: includes study component (WHI OS or CT), randomization to trial arms, age and race-ethnicity.

Model 2: includes Model 1 + education, alcohol, smoking, diet score, dietary sodium, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, cancer, and non-walking PA.

^†Model 2: includes Model 2 + walking duration (hours/week).

Model 3: includes Model 2 + Systolic and Diastolic BP.

Model 4: includes Model 2 + BMI.

Model 5: includes Model 2 + physical functioning score.