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. 2020 Oct 8;10:16802. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-73912-5

Figure 2.

Figure 2

IL-1β and MCP-1 secreted by TNF-α activated monocytes are suppressed by nSMase inhibition. Monocytic cells (primary monocytes, macrophages, THP-1 cells) were pretreated with nSMase inhibitor (GW4869: 10 µM), nSMase agonist (DNR: 1 µM), aSMase inhibitor (imipramine: 10 µM) or vehicle for 1 h and then incubated cells with absence or presence of TNF-α for 12 h. Secreted IL-1β and MCP-1 protein in culture media was determined by ELISA. (A,B) IL-1β and MCP1 secreted by primary monocytes, (C,D) primary macrophages and (E,F) THP-1 cells. The results obtained from minimum three independent experiments with three replicates of each experiment are shown. All data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n ≥ 3). *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, ****p ≤ 0.0001 versus vehicle.