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. 2020 Oct 8;10:16802. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-73912-5

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Association of elevated TNF-α with SMPD3 levels in obese human PBMCs. PBMCs were isolated from human blood samples obtained from lean (n = 13), overweight (n = 13) and obese (n = 13) individuals. mRNA of SMPD1 (aSMase), SMPD2 (nSMase), SMPD3 (nSMase) and TNF-α were detected by real time RT-PCR and represented as fold change over controls. (A–D) Each dot represents the individual value of SMPD1, SMPD2, SMPD3 or TNF-α mRNA. Lines represented the mean values of PBMCs’ SMPD1, SMPD2, SMPD3 and TNF-α of each group. (E) Correlation of SMPD3 and (F) SMPD1 mRNA with TNF-α in PBMCs of obese individuals.