Table 3.

Linear regression estimates of union membership and perceptions of safety climate.

	Perceptions of safety climate
	β	SE
1. Outcome: Union: Yes	-0.609***	0.126
2. Covariates: Resource adequacy
	0.429***	0.065
Supervisor support	0.370***	0.054
Co-worker support	0.167***	0.056
Workload	-0.014	0.043
Age:
18–29	–
30–39	0.251	0.187
40–49	0.192	0.192
50–64	0.069	0.189
65 and above	0.614*	0.287
Sex: female	0.104	0.132
Education:
Less than high school	–
High school graduate	0.086	0.306
Some college/associate’s	0.427	0.302
Bachelor’s degree	0.210	0.328
Beyond bachelor’s	0.466	0.334
Industrya:
Public Services	–
Construction, Extraction, and Maintenance Operations	0.563*	0.239
Manufacturing	0.137	0.199
Transportation, Trade, and Utilities	0.147	0.157
Professional Services	0.053	0.206
Miscellaneous	0.025	0.248
3. Year:
2002	–
2006	0.167	0.164
2010	0.120	0.189
2014	0.052	0.168
2018	-0.178	0.155

Note: weighted n = 1,552; unweighted n = 1,527.

Data Source: General Social Survey, Quality of Worklife Module 2002–2018

* p < .05 ; **p < .01; *** p < .001

^aIndustry classification detailed in Appendix A.