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. 2020 Oct 9;183:114278. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114278

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Fig. 1 — Whole-body acid base homeostasis. Because the body behaves as an open CO₂/HCO₃⁻ buffer system, maintenance of blood/extracellular pH within a narrow physiological range depends on the dual and independent action of the kidneys which, by adjusting urine acid secretion, control blood [HCO₃⁻], and of the lungs which, by adjusting ventilation, control blood pCO₂.