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. 2020 Oct 9;183:114278. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114278

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Fig. 4 — The four classic systemic acid-base disturbances. Alterations in [HCO₃⁻] and pCO₂ can both cause derangements of pH. Metabolic pH disturbances can be compensated by altering the ventilation rate to normalize the [HCO₃⁻]:pCO₂ ratio. Respiratory pH disturbances can be compensated by altering the renal acid excretion rate.