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. 2020 Sep 25;11:587089. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.587089

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Copyright © 2020 Watanabe, Berry, Liang, Goronzy and Weyand.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells in Takayasu arteritis. Aneurysm of the aortic root and the aortic arch, complicated by aortic regurgitation in a 41-year-old female. (A) Necrotizing granulomatous inflammation composed of lymphocytes and multinucleated giant cells surrounding a zone of necrotic medial tissue (H&E ×200); (B) CD3⁺ T cells create an inflammatory collar around the zone of necrosis (×200); (C) CD4⁺ T-helper cells (×200) and (D) CD8⁺ T-cytotoxic cells (×200) comprise the majority of tissue-residing T-cells.