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. 2020 Sep 25;11:587089. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.587089

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Copyright © 2020 Watanabe, Berry, Liang, Goronzy and Weyand.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Defective CD8⁺ regulatory T cells in giant cell arteritis. Like CD4⁺ regulatory T cells, CD8⁺ regulatory T cells (CD8⁺ Treg) express the transcription factor FOXP3 and act as a suppressor of immune responses. CD8⁺ CCR7⁺ Tregs inhibit immunity by releasing exosomes that contain the enzyme NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2). These exosomes are integrated into the membrane of neighboring CD4⁺ T cells, where they disrupt proximal signaling events, including the phosphorylation of ZAP70. CD8⁺ Tregs from patients with GCA are reduced in number and are functionally defective.