Table 1.
Tumor type | Expression | Role | Clinic relevance | Cell line | Function | Related gene | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Glioblastoma | Upregulated | Oncogene | High tumor grades | U87, GSC83, GSC528, GSC23 |
Tumorigenicity, proliferation, cell growth, self-renewal |
ETV1, NDE1 | (23) |
Ovarian cancer | Upregulated | Oncogene | Poor clinical parameters, poor survival | A2780, IGROV1, SKOV3 | Drug resistance, apoptosis, metastasis | Bcl-2, MRP1, CD44 | (26, 89, 96) |
Colorectal cancer | Upregulated or gradual loss | Oncogene | No significance (based on protein level); advanced cancer progression, poor survival (based on protein level) | HCT-116, HT-29, KM12C, CaCo-2, HCT-8, Colo205, HCT-116, DLD-1, WiDr, KM12SM, SW480 |
Tumorigenicity, proliferation, metastasis, adhesion, invasion, apoptosis |
RBM4, MAP4K4, JNK1, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, β-catenin, MCC, PKM, E2F1/7, vimentin, cyclins (D1/D3/E1), HIPK2, Bcl-2 |
(11, 28, 33, 36, 39, 59, 65, 93, 97) |
Hepatocellular carcinoma | Upregulated | Oncogene | Positive associated with HBV-associated HCC in patients with higher AFP levels; poor overall survival; longer overall survival in patients with HCC resection |
Bel-7404, HepG2, Bel-7402, MHCC97H, MHCC97L, HepG2.2.15 | Colony formation; proliferation, migration; invasion |
NEDD8, ARHGEF2, 14-3-3β, Ras, Foxo4, CCDC50S, HBX | (11, 30, 76, 95, 98) |
Osteosarcoma | Upregulated | Oncogene | Unknown | U2OS, Rh30 | Colony formation, transformation, proliferation, migration, invasion cell cycle, apoptosis |
CCND1, miR-1908-5p, REST, miR-132-3p, miR-212-3p, YAP1, NF-κB, NKIRAS2, IL-3; PDCD4 |
(11, 36, 39, 52, 99, 100) |
Breast cancer | Upregulated | Oncogene | High tumor grade, poor tumor progression and prognosis |
MDA-MB231, SKBR3 | Transformation, proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, cell cycle |
p53; TDP4; PAR3; NUMB; HER2 | (11, 84–88, 101) |
Gastric cancer | Upregulated | Oncogene | No significance | (11, 97) | |||
Cervical cancer | Upregulation | Oncogene | Increased diagnostic accuracies comparable to CEA | Hela, C33A, CaSki | Colony formation, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, cell cycle |
p53, REST, miR-132-3p, PLK1, CCND1, FoxM1, miR-212-3p, YAP1, Cdc25B, IL-3 | (11, 84, 94, 99, 100) |
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma | Upregulated | Oncogene | high tumor grade, worse lymphatic metastasis, poor survival |
CAL27, FaDu, SCC-9 | Autophagy, cell growth | BECN1, FoxO1, Snail, p65, N-cadheri, hnRNP L | (62, 79, 92, 102) |
Retinoblastoma | Upregulated | Oncogene | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | (90, 91) |
Others cancers (lung, bladder, kidney, skin, thyroid) | Upregulated | Oncogene | Unknown | JSC-1, BCBL1, SUDHL-6, T24, 253J-BV, PC3, KATOIII, A375, NUGC3, MKN7 | proliferation, apoptosis | MDM2/4, p21, BBC3 | (11, 24, 33) |
Acute myeloid leukemia | Downregulated | Oncogene | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Caspase-8 | (98) |
Renal cancer | Downregulated | Oncogene | Unknown | 786-O | Proliferation | Unknown | (11, 103) |