Table 3.
Results From Logistic Regressions Assessing the Relationship of Demographics and Travel Characteristics With Prescribing Fluoroquinolones Compared With Azithromycin for TD Among Travelers Evaluated at GTEN Sites (2009–2018)
| Characteristics | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Unadjusted P Value | Adjusted OR (95% CI)a | Adjusted P Valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||||
| Male | Ref | .47 | Ref | <.001 |
| Female | 1.02 (0.96–1.10) | 0.94 (0.92–0.96) | ||
| Age | ||||
| 18–49 y | Ref | .063 | Ref | <.001 |
| 50–64 y | 1.22 (0.93–1.60) | 1.34 (1.08–1.66) | ||
| ≥65 y | 1.16 (0.84–1.62) | 1.29 (0.86–1.94) | ||
| Drug allergies | ||||
| No allergies | Ref | <.001 | Ref | <.001 |
| FQ only | 0.08 (0.06–0.11) | 0.04 (0.03–0.06) | ||
| Macrolide only | 4.53 (3.56–5.77) | 7.68 (5.59–10.54) | ||
| FQ and macrolide | 0.74 (0.33–1.66) | 0.41 (0.12–1.40) | ||
| Other antibiotic allergy | 1.04 (0.91–1.19) | 1.02 (0.96–1.08) | ||
| Duration of travel | ||||
| <14 d | Ref | .005 | Ref | .002 |
| 14–29 d | 0.76 (0.62–0.93) | 0.91 (0.85–0.97) | ||
| ≥30 d | 0.79 (0.65–0.95) | 0.97 (0.85–1.10) | ||
| Region of travelb | ||||
| Africa | 2.28 (1.62–3.19) | <.001 | 1.97 (1.31–2.95) | <.001 |
| Americas | 2.04 (1.44–2.90) | <.001 | 1.74 (1.22–2.48) | .002 |
| Southeast Asia | 0.15 (0.07–0.34) | <.001 | 0.17 (0.07–0.40) | <.001 |
| Western Pacific | 0.37 (0.27–0.50) | <.001 | 0.44 (0.38–0.51) | <.001 |
| Europe | 1.17 (1.02–1.35) | .019 | 1.22 (1.07–1.40) | .003 |
| Eastern Mediterranean | 1.03 (0.90–1.18) | .63 | 1.20 (1.03–1.40) | .017 |
| Reason for travel | ||||
| Leisure | Ref | <.001 | Ref | <.001 |
| Business | 1.00 (0.74–1.34) | 1.10 (0.99–1.22) | ||
| Humanitarian service work | 1.77 (1.13–2.76) | 0.91 (0.72–1.15) | ||
| Research/education | 1.38 (0.92–2.09) | 1.05 (0.85–1.29) | ||
| VFR | 0.83 (0.58–1.20) | 0.78 (0.57–1.07) | ||
| Other | 1.24 (0.96–1.59) | 0.81 (0.66–0.99) | ||
| US Census region of clinic site | ||||
| Northeast | Ref | <.001 | Ref | <.001 |
| Midwest | 0.12 (0.06–0.26) | 0.06 (0.02–0.13) | ||
| South | 2.14 (1.48–3.09) | 2.47 (1.25–4.90) | ||
| West | 2.27 (1.77–2.91) | 3.64 (2.66–4.99) | ||
| Type of clinic | ||||
| Nonacademic center | Ref | .64 | Ref | .24 |
| Academic center | 0.81 (0.32–2.07) | 1.56 (0.72–3.39) | ||
| Survey year | ||||
| 2009 | Ref | .023 | Ref | <.001 |
| Each year after 2009 | 0.88 (0.78–0.99) | 0.77 (0.73–0.82) |
Abbreviations: FQ, fluoroquinolone; GTEN, Global TravEpiNet; OR, odds ratio; TD, travelers’ diarrhea; VFR, visiting friends and relatives.
aAdjusted results obtained from regressions that include all variables shown in the table.
bReference: not traveling to that specific region. Travelers can contribute to >1 region.