Table 4.

Demographics and clinical data for patients who tested positive for COVID-19 and died (cases 8–14)

Variables	Case 8	Case 9	Case 10	Case 11	Case 12	Case 13	Case 14
Gender	Female	Male	Female	Male	Male	Male	Male
Age	82	80	87	96	79	92	83
ASA grade	3	3	3	3	4	4	2
NHFS	5	6	6	7	6	7	6
Mobility	Frame	Unaided	Independently mobile	Independently mobile	Independently mobile	Independently mobile	Independently mobile
Frailty score	7	6	5	7	6	5	6
Charlson’s score	5	5	6	4	7	7	9
Residence	Residential care home	Residential care home	Own home (carers)	Own home (carers)	Own home	Own home	Own home
Length of stay (in days)	21	21	22	11	28	29	13
Side	Left	Left	Left	Right	Right	Right	Left
Type of hip fracture	Extracapsular	Extracapsular	Extracapsular	Extracapsular	Intracapsular	Extracapsular	Extracapsular
Type of surgery	DHS	Intramedullary nail	Intramedullary nail	Conservative management	Cemented hemiarthroplasty	Intramedullary nail	Intramedullary nail
Anaesthesia	Spinal	Spinal	Spinal	N/A	General and Spinal	Spinal and femoral nerve block	Spinal
Temperature on admission	38.0	38.2	38.6	38.2	37.5	37.7	37.4
Highest temperature during stay	37.9	38.6	38.1	39.2	36.5	37	37.4
Cough on admission	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Anosmia on admission	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Lymphocyte count on admission	3.02	0.79	0.55	0.38	0.61	0.74	0.47
Lymphocyte count (lowest)	2.54	0.69	0.4	0.38	0.3	0.7	0.43
Chest radiograph findings	Bibasal airspace opacification	Ground glass opacification	Indeterminate changes COVID pneumonia	Viral (COVID) pneumonitis	Viral (COVID) pneumonitis	Viral (COVID) pneumonitis	Viral (COVID) pneumonitis
Pre-operative haemoglobin	143	90	108	136	109	84	89
Post-operative haemoglobin	132	84	89	136	102	120	95
Drop in haemoglobin	11	6	19		7
Albumin (lowest)	41	37	27	30	28	31	41
Total bilirubin	29	47	11	11	8	12	29
ALP	158	490	102	60	112	108	106
ALT	29	139	9	12	24	15	26
COVID diagnosis	Positive	Positive	Positive	Positive	Positive	Positive	Positive
Time to surgery since admission (h)	27	183	49	Conservative	26	13	43
Theatre status (hot/cold)	Cold	Hot	Hot	N/A	Hot	Hot	Hot
Respiratory complication	Sever SOB	SOB	COVID pneumonia	Pneumonia with patchy consolidation	Bilateral pleural effusions. Treated as superimposed LRTI with Abx	Treated with IV Abx for COVID and LRTI. Note patient also had pulmonary fibrosis	Deterioration of COVID pneumonia
Highest O2 requirement dose (L/min)	15	2	4	4	4	4	4
Duration of O2 requirement	12 days	8 days	3 days	6 days	9 days	23 days	3 days
Peri-operative complication	NSTEMI, worsening COVID pneumonia	Hypernatraemia	AKI stage 2, oozing wound	N/A	Alcohol withdrawal (started on chlordiazepoxide regime), dyselectrolytemia	Significant Hb drop unable to establish if upper or lower GI cause	Grade-4 pressure sore, post op reviewed by Tissue Viability Nurse. AKI on CKD
Secondary intervention	Nil	Nil	Nil	Nil	Nil	Nil	Nil
Readmission	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Cause of death	(1a) COVID pneumonia, (2) dementia, MI, fractures left hip	(1a) COVID pneumonia	(1a) COVID-19 pneumonia	(1a) COVID-19 pneumonia	(1a) COVID-19 pneumonia	(1a) COVID-19, respiratory failure, (1b) pulmonary fibrosis	(1a) COVID-19 pneumonia
Peri-death incidents	NSTEMI, worsening of COPD, COVID-pneumonia	Hypernatraemia	Respiratory secretions, tachypnoeic. Reviewed by orthogeriatric teams patient placed on ICOD	C.Diff + ve (had loose stools)	Deterioration in breathing	Deterioration in breathing and cognition	Patient became unresponsive and had increasing O2 requirements