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. 2020 Oct 8;10:16867. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-73967-4

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Cytotoxicity of various 5-FA formulations as determined by MTT assay. Viability of (a) A431 (b) HT29, and (c) HeLa cells after being treated with 5-FU, 5-FA and 5-FA-tHBcAg VLNP. 5-FA was less cytotoxic to all the tested cell lines as compared to the reference drug, 5-FU. The cytotoxicity of 5-FA was significantly enhanced after conjugation to tHBcAg VLNP. Small graphs on the right show that tHBcAg VLNP and CPP-tHBcAg VLNP were not toxic to the tested cells. Data are expressed as mean ± SD of triplicate measurements.