Table 1.
Participants’ characteristics by HIV serostatus (N=103).
| Participant characteristics | HIV+ (n=67) | HIV− (n=36) | t value or chi-square | P value | ||||||
| Demographic variables | ||||||||||
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Age (years), mean (SD) | 59.3 (6.3) | 59.2 (6.7) | 0.0 | .99 | ||||
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Sex (male), n (%) | 53 (79) | 20 (56) | 6.3 | .01 | ||||
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Race or ethnicity, n (%) | N/Aa | N/A | 1.3 | .73 | |||||
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Non-Hispanic White | 42 (63) | 23 (64) |
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African American | 16 (24) | 6 (17) |
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Hispanic | 4 (10) | 6 (17) |
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Other | 2 (3) | 1 (3) |
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Education (years), mean (SD) | 13.9 (2.4) | 15.0 (2.5) | −2.1 | .04 | |||||
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Employedb, n (%) | 20 (31) | 14 (40) | 0.9 | .35 | |||||
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Household incomec (US$), n (%) | N/A | N/A | FETd | .002 | |||||
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<10,000 | 12 (18) | 6 (17) |
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10,000-34,999 | 45 (68) | 13 (36) |
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35,000-74,999 | 4 (6) | 8 (22) |
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≥75,000 | 5 (8) | 9 (25) |
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Live alone, n (%) | 38 (57) | 11 (31) | 6.6 | .01 | |||||
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Smartphone ownership, n (%) | 60 (90) | 30 (83) | 0.8 | .36 | |||||
| Psychiatric comorbidities, n (%) | ||||||||||
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LTe MDDf | 48 (72) | 9 (25) | 20.6 | <.001 | ||||
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Current MDDg,h | 11 (16) | 1 (3) | FET | .05 | ||||
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LT any substance use disorder | 45 (67) | 17 (47) | 3.9 | .04 | ||||
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Current substance use disorderh,i | 2 (3) | 1 (3) | FET | .99 | ||||
| In-person neurocognitive functioning | ||||||||||
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GDSj impairedc, n (%) | 18 (27) | 7 (20) | 0.59 | .44 | ||||
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Global SSc,k, mean (SD) | 9.2 (2.0) | 9.9 (1.8) | −1.6 | .11 | ||||
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Verbal SSc, mean (SD) | 10.2 (2.7) | 11.4 (2.8) | −2.0 | .05 | ||||
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Executive functioning SSc, mean (SD) | 8.9 (2.5) | 9.8 (2.0) | −1.7 | .10 | ||||
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Speed of information processing SSc, mean (SD) | 9.6 (2.4) | 10.4 (2.5) | −1.4 | .16 | ||||
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Learning SSc, mean (SD) | 8.3 (2.3) | 9.1 (2.3) | −1.8 | .07 | ||||
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Recall SSc, mean (SD) | 8.6 (2.2) | 9.3 (2.4) | −1.5 | .14 | ||||
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Working memory SSc, mean (SD) | 9.8 (2.9) | 10.3 (2.8) | −0.8 | .42 | ||||
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Motor SSc, mean (SD) | 7.8 (2.7) | 8.0 (2.4) | −0.4 | .69 | ||||
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Premorbid verbal IQh,l, mean (SD) | 102 (14) | 106 (16) | −1.2 | .24 | ||||
| HIV characteristics | ||||||||||
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AIDSm, n (%) | 46 (70) | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||
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Current CD4m, median (IQR) | 703 (550-893) | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||
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Nadir CD4m, median (IQR) | 148 (33-285) | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||
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Duration of HIV infection (years), median (IQR) | 23.8 (15.7-28.8) | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||
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On antiretroviral therapy, n (%) | 63 (94) | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||
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Undetectable viral loadn, n (%) | 60 (97) | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||
aN/A: not applicable.
bn=100.
cn=102.
dFET: Fisher exact test.
eLT: lifetime.
fLT MDD: met criteria for major depressive disorder at any point in life.
gCurrent MDD: currently meets criteria for major depressive disorder.
hn=101.
iAll current substance use disorders were marijuana use disorder.
jGDS: global deficit score.
kSS: scaled score; scaled score is based on comprehensive in-laboratory neuropsychological testing (scale score: mean 10, SD 3).
lPremorbid Verbal IQ was estimated using the Wide Range Achievement Test, fourth edition Reading Subtest.
mn=66.
nn=62.