Table 1.
Summary of outcomes.
| Outcomes | Measurement timesa | |||||
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T0 | T1 | T2 | T3 | ||
| Clinical assessments |
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Personal characteristics |
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Sociodemographic characteristics (age, sex, etc) | ✓ |
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Neurological impairment (American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale) | ✓ |
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Anthropometric parameters (weight and height) | ✓ |
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Resting heart rate and blood pressure | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
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Pain (International SCI [spinal cord injury] Pain Basic Dataset version 2.0) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
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Passive range of motion at the ankle, knee, and hip joints (two-axis goniometer) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
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Spasticity (Modified Ashworth Scale) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
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Wheelchair abilities |
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20-meter wheelchair propulsion test (natural and maximal speeds) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
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Slalom test | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
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6-minute manual wheelchair propulsion test | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Laboratory assessments |
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Bone mineral density and architecture |
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Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (hip and lumbar vertebrae) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
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Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (proximal tibia, distal femur, and proximal radius) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
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Body composition |
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Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (total body) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
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Muscle quality |
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Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (intramuscular fat infiltration) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
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Blood biomarkers |
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Bone turnover (serum procollagen type 1 N-terminal peptide, osteocalcin, C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
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Glycemia (fasting glucose, insulin, and glycosylated hemoglobin) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
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Insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
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Lipids (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and apolipoprotein B) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
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Inflammation (C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleuken-6, and interleuken-10) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
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Cardiorespiratory fitness |
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Respiratory gas analysis during 6-minute manual wheelchair propulsion test |
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✓ | ✓ |
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Total distance travelled during the 6-minute manual wheelchair propulsion test | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Take-home assessments |
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Psychological health |
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World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
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Beck Depression Inventory | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
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Beck Anxiety Inventory | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
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Psychological General Well-Being Index | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
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Participant satisfaction and perspectives |
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Updated version of the Montreal Walking Exoskeleton Satisfaction and Perspectives Questionnaire |
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✓ |
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Semistructured interview |
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✓ |
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aMeasurement times: T0 (control measurement time), T1 (preintervention measurement time), T2 (postintervention measurement time), and T3 (retention measurement time).